Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Abstract Hybridisation between genetically divergent populations may lead to the formation of new evolutionary lineages. This may occur via the duplication of a hybrid's chromosome complement (allopolyploid speciation) or by the stabilisation of a fertile hybrid segregant (homoploid hybrid speciation). Although more common in plants, both modes of hybrid speciation also occur in animals, including fish, amphibians and insects. The successful origin and establishment of hybrid species is highly dependant on an ability to occupy novel and/or spatially isolated habitats, in order to escape the effects of competition and gene flow from parental species. This ability is favoured by the generation of genetic novelty resulting from the dramatic effects that hybridisation (and genome duplication in allopolyploids) have on modifying genome structure and gene expression. Examples of new allopolyploid and homoploid hybrid species originating within the last 200–300 years are important models for investigating processes involved in hybrid speciation and establishment. Key Concepts: Hybridisation between genetically divergent populations is promoted by habitat disturbance and may lead to the formation of new evolutionary lineages. Hybrid speciation may occur via the duplication of a hybrid's chromosome complement (allopolyploid speciation) or by the stabilisation of a fertile hybrid segregant (homoploid hybrid speciation). Allopolyploidy leads to instantaneous reproductive isolation between the allopolyploid neospecies and its parents, and is therefore an example of very rapid speciation. Allopolyploidy is very common in higher plants, but less common in animals, although examples are known in insects, crustaceans, molluscs, fish, amphibians, reptiles and mammals. Homoploid hybrid speciation is thought to be relatively rare, although an increasing number of homoploid hybrid species of animals, plants and fungi are being recognised using molecular markers. Homoploid hybrid speciation can be completed within a few generations, although several hundred generations may be required before the genome of the hybrid neospecies is fully stabilised. Considerable genetic novelty is generated in the early stages of allopolyploidy and homoploid hybrid speciation due to the marked effects that hybridisation (and genome duplication in the case of allopolyploidy) have on modifying genome structure and gene expression. Such genetic novelty aids the establishment of hybrid neospecies in ecologically divergent habitats, thus reducing the likelihood of competition and crossing with parents. Several examples are known of new allopolyploid and homoploid hybrid species originating within the last 200–300 years and these have become important models for investigating processes involved in hybrid speciation and establishment.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,018 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».