Soil-sedimentation archives of floodplains and ravines as a memory of the natural-anthropogenic evolution of forest-steppe landscapes (Russia) in the Holocene
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
<p>The history of the development of landscapes and land-use systems on the northern border of the forest-steppe zone of Russia (basin of the Tuskar River, Kursk region) is reconstructed. A multidisciplinary approach includes geomorphological, lithological, paleopedological, micromorphological, radiocarbon, paleobotanical (spore-pollen, carpological, pedoanthrocological) analyzes in the study of soil-sedimentation archives of floodplains (Shumskaya section), slopes (Pereverzevo section), and ravines (Senovaya gully section). The sequences of sediments and soils within accumulative and trans-accumulative archives are one of the most complete and reliable sources of information not only about climate changes, the evolution of ecosystems in the Holocene but also about the history of land use.</p><p>The formation of a floodplain and a new ravine-gully network in the Late Ice Age backfilled the geomorphological basis for Holocene landscapes. Alluvium, proluvium, and colluvium partially filled the Late Pleistocene floodplain and ravine. In the early Holocene, with limited sedimentation, a well-developed soil, Luviс Gleyic Phaeozem, formed on the stable surface of the newly formed landforms. Its <sup>14</sup>C-age is 8.1-8.7 ka yrs cal BP. This paleosol is widespread not only in the forest-steppe area of the Russian Plain but throughout the world. At the beginning of the middle Holocene, during droughts, as a result of strong fires and increased erosion, this paleosol in the floodplains and bottoms of ravines was buried by alluvium and colluvium. An episode of afforestation of the area is also noted. The slopes were covered with deciduous forests with oak and linden. This led to the formation of Gleyic Cutanic Luvisol (Humic, Siltic), as evidenced by the humus-clay cutans in the Ah horizon and degradation of Phaeozem. Strong fires during droughts periodically resumed and were accompanied by a subsequent catastrophic increase in runoff and accumulation of colluvium in the bottoms of ravines. They happened around 8.1, 7.4, and 5.2 ka yrs cal BP, as evidenced by the finds of oak coals, and ferruginous-manganese nodules with a carbonaceous core in colluvial loams. The oak was preserved on the slopes, while other parts of the catchment were essentially treeless. In the late Holocene, the afforestation process intensified. However, about 2.8-2.5 ka years ago, arable farming began to spread in the studied area. In the immediate vicinity of the study site, there were settlements and numerous villages of the Scythian culture population. Deforestation and plowing of land with wooden ralo (ancient Slavic plow) caused slight soil erosion and accumulation of agro-colluvium in the bottoms of the ravines and on the floodplain. With the appearance of iron parts on wooden ralo, the plowing depth increased. Due to the increase of population since the beginning of the new era (4-5 centuries AD), the catchments were cleared for arable land. The onset of continuous erosion and intensive redeposition of the soil mass containing pollen of weeds and cultivated cereals correlates chronologically with the expansion of the population of the Chernyakhov culture into this region. Since that time, the agricultural use of the catchment area and anthropogenic deforestation has continued. The study was supported by the RFBR, project N19-29-05024mk.</p>
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».