Supplementary material to "The Great Lakes Runoff Intercomparison Project Phase 4: The Great Lakes (GRIP-GL)"

Comparison of gridded ERA5-Land SWE estimates and ground-truth SWE observations from CanSWE database The ERA5-Land SWE estimates (Muñoz Sabater, 2019) were compared with the SWE observations available in the version 2 of the CanSWE dataset (Vionnet et al., 2021).CanSWE combines historical manual (snow surveys) and automatic SWE measurements collected across Canada by different provincial and territorial agencies as well as hydro-power companies.CanSWE is an evolving dataset.Please refer to the following repository to check for version updates of the dataset: https: //10.5281/zenodo.4734371.In this study, only manual SWE measurements were used to make sure that the snow data would be available over the period from 2000 to 2017.In Ontario and Quebec, manual SWE data are collected on a biweekly to monthly basis.The times series of ERA5-Land SWE estimates were extracted at the grid cells corresponding to the snow observation locations available in CanSWE.Only stations with at least 34 observations (i.e., on average at least two observations per year during the study period from 2001 to 2017) were kept in the analysis.A total of 272 stations was considered and the results are shown in Fig. S1. Figure S1.Comparison of ERA5-Land and CanSWE snow water equivalent estimates.Panel (A) displays the spatial distribution of the Kling-Gupta efficiency (KGE) between the CanSWE observations (obs) and ERA5-Land (sim) estimates at the N = 272 snow observation locations available in the CanSWE dataset with at least 34 observations (i.e., on average at least two observations per year during the study period from 2001 to 2017).Panel (B) summarizes these KGE values by a cumulative distribution function showing that around 83% of the stations have medium performance, 57% are good, and 14% show an excellent performance.ERA5-Land shows good performances (KGE larger than 0.65) at 57% of the stations (Fig. S1B).These stations are mostly located in the Ottawa River watershed, in the Lake Superior watershed and in the northern part of the Lake Huron watershed (Fig. S1A).These regions are characterized by the largest mean winter SWE in the Great Lakes regions (Fig. 2 in the main

Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.