Anatomical variations of the liver and its suspensory system: a cadaver‐based study
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Introduction & Objective Non‐traumatic musculoskeletal (MSK) pain has become a socio‐economic burden, being the leading cause of absenteeism and prolonged disability. Despite all medical advances, the origin of this pain is still unclear. Studies have reported theories on the role of fascia, nociceptive stimulation, and visceral (im)mobility, and provided evidence for the success of visceral manipulation therapy. The influence of viscera on the MSK system is neglected in scientific research, even though the human body functions best when its components, including the viscera, are free to move in full range. Thus, to understand the role of visceral mobility on the MSK system, this study aimed to investigate the anatomical variation of the liver’s suspensory system via physical measurements and 3D surface scanning. It is hypothesized that anatomical variations will exist. Materials & Methods With IRB clearance, fourteen of twenty‐two formaldehyde‐fixed donors were selected for this study; the other eight donors excluded due to pathology affecting the region of interest. Using gross dissection, livers and diaphragms were isolated. Using a string and a digital micrometer, the length and thickness of the triangular ligaments, the falciform ligament, and the circumference of the bare area was measured for each selected donor. Each isolated liver was weighed. Using a structured light scanner, each liver and suspensory system (bare area and aforementioned ligaments) were digitalized for future analysis. Results The mean lengths (mm) of the left triangular ligament edges were 55.70 ± 27.1, 88.38 ± 31.69, and 63.62 ± 28.76. The mean lengths (mm) of the right triangular ligament edges were 35.32 ± 21.15, 46.98 ± 51.83, and 33.28 ± 21.83. The mean lengths (mm) of the falciform edges were 102.75 ± 30.40, 172.32 ± 35.70, and 105.51 ± 49.25. The mean thicknesses (mm) of the left and right triangular ligaments, and the falciform, were 0.32 ± 0.16, 0.32 ± 0.20, and 0.34 ± 0.31, respectively. The bare area circumference was 443.12 ± 98.38mm, and the mean liver weight was 1439.09 ± 752.39g. Conclusion This dissection‐based study provides evidence of a broad range of anatomical variations that exists between livers and suspensory system, emphasizing the uniqueness of the human body’s anatomy. Significance/Implication This was the first study to examine the morphological variation of the liver’s ligaments and bare area via meticulous physical measurements. The results suggest that the liver’s suspensory system has carefully adapted to each body’s needs and demands. Understanding and visualizing this could help train clinicians who provide visceral manipulation therapy to the liver for MSK pain. A patient’s specific liver morphology may differ greatly from standard anatomy textbook descriptions, so recognizing the anatomical variation of the liver’s suspensory system and the potential impact it has on the MSK system could lead to alternative and improved treatments. Further research could include statistical modeling from the 3D digitalized models. To understand the actual role of the liver’s suspensory system in influencing the MSK system, the biomechanical and proprioceptive properties of the ligaments should be researched.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,002 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Communication savante | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,005 | 0,001 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».