Effect of Self‐Reported Anxiety Levels on Blood Pressure Responses to Slow Breathing
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Anxiety, an emotion involved in the development and presentation of anxiety disorders, is linked to elevated blood pressure (BP) which may contribute to the increased cardiovascular disease risk observed in individuals diagnosed with anxiety disorders. Slow breathing (SB), defined as a respiration rate below 10bpm, has been implemented successfully to reduce BP in several clinical populations. However, to the best of our knowledge, the efficacy of SB has yet to be investigated in individuals with anxiety. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare BP responses to an acute bout of SB between individuals with moderate to severe anxiety and individuals with no or mild levels of anxiety. We hypothesized that individuals with moderate/severe anxiety levels would exhibit greater SB‐induced decreases in BP compared to individuals with no/mild anxiety levels. We assessed 14 young (18‐25 years old) lean (body mass index < 24.9kg/m 2 ) non‐smoking individuals with moderate/severe anxiety levels (n=7), as well as age‐ and body mass index‐matched individuals with no/mild anxiety levels during 15‐mins of rest and during 15‐mins of device‐guided SB (RESPeRATE). Anxiety levels were assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, in which participants with a score of at least 8 were categorized as having a moderate/severe anxiety score (ANX) and individuals with scores less than 8 were classified as having no/mild anxiety levels (CTRL). Respiratory patterns were monitored via respitrace strain gauge. Beat‐by‐beat BP was measured using finger photoplethysmography calibrated to values obtained from manual sphygmomanometry. Respiratory and systolic BP (SBP) data were extracted averaged across 5‐mins of steady state rest and during the final 5‐mins of SB; differences between ANX and CTRL were evaluated using unpaired t‐tests. Despite similar resting SBP between ANX and CTRL (111.28 ± 11.40 vs 109.39 ± 7.05mmHg; p=0.75), the SBP response to SB differed between ANX and CTRL (‐2.18 ± 4.84 vs 3.57 ± 4.47mmHg; p=0.04). In fact, ANX experienced a clinically meaningful SB‐induced reduction in BP (defined as a change greater than or equal to 2 mmHg) that was absent in CTRL. Interestingly, resting respiration rates were higher in ANX than CTRL (13.33 ± 4.07 vs 7.74 ± 2.18bpm; p<0.01), and reductions in respiration rate during SB were greater in ANX than CTRL (‐9.27 ± 3.74 vs ‐2.66 ± 2.19bpm; p<0.01). Taken together, in a young and relatively healthy cohort of individuals with a range of self‐reported anxiety levels, it appears that SB is effective in lowering SBP in individuals with moderate or high levels of anxiety but has no effect in individuals reporting no or low levels of anxiety. Thus, SB may be an effective intervention to reduce BP in individuals with high anxiety levels, which may have long‐term implications in the treatment of elevated BP and reduction of cardiovascular disease risk in individuals diagnosed with anxiety disorders.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».