Christina Lake Solvent Aided Process Pilot
Pourquoi ce travail est dans la base
Une base qui oublie comment elle a trouvé un travail ne peut pas être vérifiée. Voici les voies qui ont admis celui-ci.
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Abstract Approximately 80% of the Canadian oil sands are too deep to be economically mined. SAGD, an in situ recovery technology, has come of age and is emerging as the technology of choice in exploitation of these resources. The current major challenge that SAGD faces is the use of expensive heat to generate steam. The authors have previously described an improvement to SAGD, Solvent Aided Process (SAP), that aims to combine the benefits of using steam with solvents. In SAP, a small amount of hydrocarbon solvent is introduced as an additive to the injected steam during SAGD. SAP holds the promise to significantly improve the energy efficiency of SAGD thus reducing the heat requirement. This paper describes field testing of SAP at EnCana's Christina Lake SAGD Project. In addition to dwelling on some of the important parameters of a SAP test, it outlines the design considerations for the pilot and associated facility modifications. The design duration of the experiment calls for an assessment of reservoir performance on a long-term basis. However, some preliminary observations and indications are discussed. Additionally, impact of timing of solvent initiation and the well pair spacing on process performance is also explored based on modelling exercises. Introduction In SAGD, oil viscosity is reduced by heating with steam(1, 2). In SAP(3, 4), solvent dilution is also taken advantage of to aid this viscosity reduction. The result is an enhanced rate of oil production and recovery leading to superior economics with lower energy intensity and impact on the environment. In the context of doing away with the heating requirement, VAPEX, a process similar to SAGD but employing only hydrocarbon vapour instead of steam, has been described in the literature(5–8). However, its development is awaiting a successful field trial. Use of solvent with steam for oil recovery is also discussed in the literature(9–12) with a focus on the enhancement of steam displacement or steam stimulation. Using solvent with steam in a SAGD context offers some practical advantages. The pressure in the vapour chamber does not need to be supported by a non-condensable gas, as would be required in some versions of VAPEX. This means that the progression of the vapour chamber in SAP does not get overwhelmed by the heat/mass transfer resistance at the vapour/oil interface. Recently, others(13, 14) have also discussed the benefits of using solvents with SAGD in a process similar to SAP. Nasr and his colleagues(13, 14) advocate the use of those solvents that match the condensation characteristics of steam at the operating conditions. Previous descriptions(3, 4) and data do not suggest such requirements for SAP. EnCana has been developing SAP since 1996 and first piloted the process at its Senlac Thermal Project in 2002. Encouraged by the results, EnCana is presently testing SAP for in situ bitumen extraction at its Christina Lake Thermal Project. In the Senlac SAP Pilot, some description of which has been given previously(4), solvent (butane) was co-injected in a well pair which was already in SAGD operation.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,002 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découle