This Issue of Acta

The cover photograph shows wax models used in 18th century to teach and study eye diseases. The figure is in the article by Zampieri et al. in Italy in this issue of Acta. Jakob Grauslund writes an editorial on the use of anti-VEGF drugs for proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Thvilum et al. in Denmark find a modest association between hypothyroidism and glaucoma. Mahajan and Vortruba in the United Kingdom discuss the potential of using the retina to detect Alzheimer′s disease. Larsen et al. in Denmark and UK describe constant incidence of conjunctival melanoma in Denmark over 50 years and unchanged contribution of genetic mutation. Westborg et al. in Sweden conclude that wet AMD patients are getting treated earlier and visual outcomes are better and stable over the last 7 years in Sweden. Berg et al. in Norway looked at wet AMD patients treated with anti-VEGF drugs over the last 8 years in Norway. Visual acuity declined, possibly due to macular atrophy. Loukovaara et al. in Finland associate inflammasome activation with the pathogenesis of proliferative diabetic retinopathy. They differentiate this from acute inflammation. Ba-Ali et al. in Copenhagen report melanopsin-driven pupil responses with blue light in choroideremia. Makdoumi et al. in Sweden measured β-trace protein in subretinal fluid in eyes with optic pit. The levels are different in cerebrospinal and subretinal fluid. Jakobsen et al. in Denmark and Hungary report functional and subjective improvements following upper blepharoplasty. Fredriksson and Behndig in Umea recommend a small pupil-centred measurement zone to evaluate astigmatism in keratoconic eyes. Galichanin in Uppsala associated cataractogenic UV radiation with apoptosis markers in the lens epithelium. Knaapi et al. in Turku found that cataract surgery and intraocular lens implantation does not significantly interfere with magnification and follow-up of fundus features. Magnusdottir et al. in Iceland and the Netherlands performed wide-field SLO imaging of the fundus in newborns. Thomsen et al. in Denmark and Canada found that training in cataract surgery did not contribute to vitreoretinal surgery skills. Zampieri et al. in Italy demonstrate wax models used in 18th century to teach and study eye diseases. One of these images is the cover photograph. Eenhorst et al. in Utrecht discuss cases of orbital lymphoma and the perils of biopsies. The following publications are published electronically and are available on the journal's home page www.actaophtalmologica.com Kusne et al. in the United States review how Alzheimer's disease impacts the visual system and the potential use of the visual system for diagnosis of Alzheimer′s disease. Molina-Leyva et al. in Spain review nutritional supplements with omega fatty acids in dry eye patients. They found some improvement in tear function. They conclude that the evidence is not strong enough to recommend standalone omega fatty acid treatment in general, but should be considered in specific cases and pathologies. Kovalyuk et al. in Israel found povidone-iodine eye drops with dexamethasone to reduce symptoms and speed recovery in epidemic keratoconjunctivitis. Etxebarria et al. in Spain report that serum rich in growth factors improves corneal healing and cell adhesion. Röck et al. in Tubingen found skin flora to be responsible for microbial contamination of organ-cultured corneas, and this was more likely in warmer months. El Sayed and Gawdat in Egypt found microcatheterization to improve outcome in trabeculotomy for paediatric glaucoma. Aihara et al. in Japan found similar effect of adding brinzolamide and dorzolamide in fixed combination with timolol to prostaglandin analogue treatment in open-angle glaucoma. Susskind et al. in Tubingen describe endoresection with brachytherapy for selected choroidal melanomas. Siedlecki et al. in Munchen compare robotic radiosurgery with brachytherapy for uveal melanoma. Jackson et al. in the United Kingdom describe visual improvement from ocriplasmin injection compared with placebo in vitreomacular traction and macular holes. Gao et al. in China found inhibition of hypoxia-induced factor, HIF-1α, to decrease expression of inflammatory cytokines in diabetic retinopathy. Simonett et al. in the United States and Italy used OCT angiography to detect early changes in retinal microcirculation in type 1 diabetes. Lin et al. in the United Kingdom report that diabetes is responsible for 4.3% of new visual impairment in Devon. They reiterate that diabetes is no longer the most common cause of vision loss in the working age population after 20+ years of diabetic eye screening. Merle et al. in France found a positive association between omega fatty acids and macular pigments. Agrawal et al. in Singapore and India found choroidal vascular scans with OCT to be reproducible and reliable. Bacci et al. in Italy and Switzerland describe phenotype and genotype of cblC disease-related maculopathy. Macedo et al. in Sweden, Portugal and USA used the EQ-5D questionnaire to assess visual impairment and quality-adjusted life year changes due to visual impairment. Shields et al. in Australia describe the triad of upgaze paralysis, nystagmus and light-near dissociation in 65% of cases with Parinaud syndrome. Pineal neoplasm and midbrain lesions are common causes. Oakley and Vote from Australia respond to a comment on prophylaxis for intravitreal injections. Cuilla et al. in the United States suggest that hypertension may play a role in retinal blood flow in glaucoma. Karim et al. in the Netherlands correlate IgG4 and scleritis. Keel et al. in Australia associated epiretinal membranes with European ethnicity. Verhagen et al. in the Netherlands found reduced frequency of uveitis relapses during pregnancy. Himori et al. in Japan suggest that optic nerve head blood flow is reduced in dominant optic atrophy. Chung et al. in Taiwan found patients with wet AMD to be more likely to fall. Nelis et al. in Germany used OCT angiography to detect changes in foveal vessels in central serous chorioretinopathy. Ashraf et al. in Egypt found ziv-aflibercept to be slightly better than bevacizumab for diabetic macular oedema. I hope you enjoy this issue of ACTA and wish you Merry Christmas or whatever holidays you celebrate and a Happy New Year.

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