Index

Citation (2015), "Index", Accessible Instructional Design (Advances in Special Education Technology, Vol. 2), Emerald Group Publishing Limited, Bingley, pp. 165-173. https://doi.org/10.1108/S2056-769320150000002016 Publisher: Emerald Group Publishing Limited Copyright © 2015 Emerald Group Publishing Limited INDEX Academic diversity blueprint, 132, 133, 134, 149, 152 Academic diversity, 131, 132 Access to extra time, 85 Accessibility accommodation, 52 Accessibility and instructional design, 98, 103 Accessibility audit, 33 Accessibility checkers, 70 Accessibility design, 106 Accessibility documentation, 31 Accessibility guidelines, 48, 53 Accessibility knowledge and skills, 21 Accessibility mandates, 60 Accessibility of information, 4 Accessibility of web content, 17 Accessibility standards, 97 Accessibility tests, 34 Accessibility tools, 103 Accessibility training, 30 Accessibility, 5, 6, 8, 15, 16, 17, 19, 21, 24, 25, 26, 49, 52, 66, 69, 72, 81, 116, 126, 144, 152 Accessible design, 19, 49 Accessible educational materials (AEM), 6, 136, 137, 138, 143, 152 Accessible instructional design, 7 Accessible Media Producers (AMPs), 136 Accessible PDF, 145 Accessible reading materials, 6 Accessible Rich Internet Application (ARIA), 20 Accessible web content, 15, 18, 59 Accommodations, 7, 16, 78, 82, 83, 86, 87, 91, 103, 104, 107, 113, 143, 144 Accountability, 83 Achievement gap, 125, 153, 155 Active ingredients, 9, 123, 134, 141, 153, 154 Adaptable design, 49 Adapting content, 113 ADDIE, 57, 71 Administrative support, 25, 37 Advance organizers, 113 Advanced organizers, 129 Affordances, 106, 115, 116 After-the-fact accommodations for electronically-mediated content, 16 Agile development, 8, 61 Alternative access, 49 Alternative format, 143 Alternative text, 53 Amazon, 102 America Online , 101 American Association of School Librarians, 109 American Disabilities Act (ADA) of 1990, 48 American Sign Language, 109, 145 Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), 16, 51, 97 Analog-to-digital paradigm shift, 97 Android OS, 102 Apple App Store, 137 Apple II computers, 101 Apple iOS, 104 Apple iTunes education apps, 109 Apple Music, 116 Apps, 8 Architects, 52 Architectural design, 48 Architecture of educational websites, 15 ARIA, 34 Asia, 19 Assessment, 8 Assistive devices, 56 Assistive technology, 33, 48, 49, 54, 56, 83, 86, 87, 88, 91, 102, 127, 129, 144, 146 Atari 2600, 101 Attitudinal barriers, 4 Audio support, 6, 148 Audio, 83, 85, 136, 148, 149 Audio/text to speech, 89 Audio-supported text, 149 Augmentative communication (AAC), 100 Australia, 19, 53 Authoring tools, 31 Authoring, 135 Availability, 100 Avatar, 148 Average user, 51 Awareness, 19 Background knowledge, 106, 139 Barrier-Free Design, 70, 128 Barriers, 3, 4, 5, 56, 78, 79, 82, 89, 90, 142 Behaviorism, 65 Benefit everyone, 52 Best practices, 23 Black box intervention, 154 Blackboard, 98 Blindness, 51, 53 Bookshare, 137 Born accessible, 131, 136, 144 Born digital, 131, 135 Bottom-up design, 60, 67, 68 Braille, 136 Brain’s performance envelope, 111 Broken wrist, 51 Browser-based access to the internet, 14 Canada, 53, 80 Canadian context, 8 Cascading Style Sheets (CSS), 146, 147 Cell phones, 14, 53, 100 Center for Applied Special Technology (CAST), 54, 105 Center on Online Learning and Students with Disabilities (COLSD), 98 Choice, 82 Chrome, 102 ClassDojo, 109 Closed-captioning, 52, 53 Closing the achievement gap, 125 Code samples, 31 Cognitive barriers, 4 Cognitive friction, 8, 96, 97 Cognitive load, 6 Cognitive psychology, 117 Cognitive science, 110 Cognitive theory of multimedia learning (CTML), 111, 112, 117 Cognitivism, 65 Coherence principle, 111 Common Sense Media, 109 Community of practice, 64, 66 Complexity, 116 Compliance, 31, 49, 53 Comprehension support, 106, 113 CompuServe , 101 Considerate text, 129 Constructivism, 65 Containers, 131 Content accessible, 20 Content creation, 21 Content creator, 39, 139, 152 Content delivery, 116 Contiguity principle, 111 Continuous improvement, 23 Conversion costs, 153 Convert the file into alternative formats, 145 Cost case studies in web accessibility, 40 Cost, 40, 52, 57, 63, 70, 98, 99, 122, 128, 144, 145, 147, 148, 150, 151, 152 Cost-benefit, 124 Create [accessible web content], 40 Creating [accessible web content], 21 Culturally neutral device, 108 Curb cutouts, 52 Curriculum accommodations, 153 Curriculum-based measurement (CBM), 107 Customizing learning objects, 63 Cycles of evaluation, 24 DAISY, 136, 145 “Dancing bear”, 109 Dear Colleague Letters, 16, 136 Delivery, 137 Design artifact, 134 Design flaw, 4 Design for All, 128 Design for More Types, 9, 124, 128, 134, 139, 142, 152, 153, 155 Design for the mean, 135, 153 Design process, 3 Design, 2 Designers, 2, 5 Designing effective learning experiences, 113 Designing for all, 60 Designing for simplicity, 117 Developing countries, 14 Developing nations, 100 Differentiation, 102, 107 Digital content accessibility guides, 103 Digital divide, 8 Digital multimedia, 53 Digital text (DT), 6, 49, 83, 136, 141, 144, 145, 147, 148, 149, 151 Digital text plus CSS (FT), 141, 146, 148 Digital text with Audio (TA), 141 Digital Text with Tiers (TT), 141, 150 Digitized speech, 148 Disability, 4 Discrimination, 4 Disruption, 3 Distinctions among Accessible Design, Adaptive Design, and Universal Design, 50 Diverse learners, 116 Diversity, 70, 78, 81, 82, 87 Dosage requirements of universal design interventions, 154 Dose, 154 Dragon Naturally Speaking, 34 Dual language learner, 140, 149 Dynamic content, 20 Dynamic content elements, 20 Dynamic web content, 20 Easyread, 145 eBay, 102 ebooks, 116, 137, 145 Ecology of instructional material design, 122 Edmodo , 109 Educational apps, 99, 110 Educational neuroscience, 117 Educational reform, 8 Educational software, 99, 110 Educational theory, 132 Ego design, 135, 152 eLearning system, 63 e-learning, 57 Embed supports, 155 Embedded media, 14 Emergent Design, 67 Emergent learning theory, 68 Engagement, 140 Engineering problem solving, 124, 153 Enterprise-wide [accessibility], 15 Enterprise-wide change, 40 Enterprise-wide coordination, 22 Enterprise-wide scale, 22 ePub, 137, 145 Equal access to instructional materials, 40 Equal access, 146 Equal opportunity, 59 Equality, 16 Equalizer, 139, 154 Equity, 81 Equivalent access, 49 Essence of design, 1 Evaluation of educational software, 109, 110 Evaluation tools, 31 Evidence-base for instructional practice, 106 Excel, 101 Executive function, 6 Expert, 139 Expertise, 151 Facebook, 102 Feature creep, 104 Feedback, 112 Financial Management System, 22 Firefox, 102 Flexible materials, 54 Flow, 140 Font adjustment, 103 Force-touch track pad, 103 Formal systems of education, 15 Free appropriate public education (FAPE), 138 Gaining Online Accessible Learning through Self Study (GOALS), 23, 24 Generalization, 106 Germany, 53 GOALS Benchmarking and Planning approach, 40 Goldilocks, 150, 154 Good practice in design, 51 Google App Store, 137 Google Play, 100 Google Translate, 149 Graduation requirement, 82 Graphic organizers, 113 Guidelines of Universal Design for Learning, 68 Handicap, 4, 5 Haptic feedback, 103 Hearing impairments, 51 Higher Education Opportunity Act (HEOA) of 2008, 106 Higher education, 18 HTML, 30, 34, 55, 145 Human evaluation, 31 Human Resources System, 22 Hyperlinks, 6, 141, 147, 151 Hypermedia, 8 Hypertext, 6 Hypertext authoring, 147 Image tag, 20 Impairment, 4 Improving outcomes, 34, 36 Inaccessibility, 20 Inaccessible content, 21 Inaccessible materials, 136, 153 Inaccessible web content, 37 Incentives for implementing web accessibility, 30 Inclusive design, 3, 48, 128 Inclusive education, 81 InDesign, 131, 145 India, 19 Individual program plan (IPP), 78 Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act, 16 Information design error, 97 Information transfer, 106 Insidious effects of the Achievement Gap, 125 The Institute of Education Sciences, 106 Instructional design error, 97 Instructional design for online learning, 66 Instructional design process, 56 Instructional design theorists, 58 Instructional design, 6, 8, 9, 54, 57, 61, 102, 113, 126, 141 Instructional designers, 51, 56, 64, 66, 71, 152 Instructional materials, 14, 15 Instructional system design models, 8 Instructional Systems Design (ISD), 57, 58, 63, 64 Instructional technology, 102 Instructional text at multiple levels of difficulty, 151 Intelligent agent, 96 Interaction, 116 Internet Explorer, 102 IOS, 102 iPads, 99 iPhone, 96, 99 iPod, 99 Ireland, 19 iTunes store, 99, 100 iWatch, 99 JAWS, 34, 127 Just in time learning, 16 Key terms highlighted, 13, 47, 77, 95, 121 Keyboard navigation, 20 Killer app, 101, 102, 103 Kindle App Store, 137 Kindle, 145 L1, 140, 142, 150 L2, 140 Large Print, 136 Large scale assessment, 8, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90 Learner characteristics, 8, 51, 102 Learner differences, 132 Learner-defined content, 67 Learning Ally, 137 Learning bots, 117 Learning from multimedia, 110 Learning management system (LMS), 21, 22, 98, 137 Learning object repositories, 63, 66, 68 Learning objects, 8, 62, 63 Learning outcomes, 152 Learning theory, 59, 65 Legal complaints, 16 Level A, 26 Level AA, 27 Level AAA, 27 Leverage points, 152 Lexile Levels, 151 “Light weight” methodologies, 61 LMS, 98 Logarithmic growth of the web, 20 Lotus, 1–2–3, 101 Low-level outcomes, 58 Maintain accessible web content, 21, 40 Maker Movement, 2, 3 Mali, 100 Massive Online Open Course (MOOC), 22, 98, 101 Media player, 148 Mental models, 97, 98 Mnemonic devices, 113 Mobile device operating system, 103 Mobile device, 98 Mobile technologies, 18, 22 Mobility impairments, 51 Modality principle, 112 Moodle, 98, 99 Moore’s Law, 98 Mosaic , 102 Multilingual digital text, 141, 149, 150 Multilingual needs of dual language learners, 150 Multilingual text (ML/MT), 148, 149, 151 Multimedia accessibility, 53 Multimedia based content acquisition podcasts, 107 Multimedia learning theory, 107 Multimedia principle, 111 Multiple choice, 114 National Center on Accessible Educational Materials, 105 National Center on Disability and Access to Education, 32 National Center on Universal Design for Learning, 107 Native accessibility, 16 Navigation (N), 115, 141, 146, 148, 151 Netscape , 102 New Zealand, 19 Novice–expert continuum, 132 Novice designers, 58 Novice, 139 NVDA, 34 Object-oriented programming, 61 One-size-fits-all, 142, 153 Online education, 14, 17 Online instructional design, 54 Online Learning Consortium (OLC), 48 Online learning theory, 66 Online learning, 8, 52 Online pedagogy, 59 Open Education Resources (OER), 22 Open source, 63 Operating system, 102 Organizational policy, 25 Paralyzed, 51 PDF, 131, 143, 145 Pedagogical evidence base for specific populations of learners, 117 Pedagogical principles, 16 Personal biases, 117 Personalization, 83 Physical access, 144 Physical disabilities, 51 Physical, 4 Pilot error, 97 PodCast, 99 Policy, 19, 22, 24, 27, 88, 106 Policymakers, 87 Pollution, 144, 145, 153 Poor design, 3 Positive student learning outcomes, 124 Postmodernism, 65, 66 Postsecondary system change, 19 Poverty, 101 Predictive text, 103 Primary beneficiaries, 128, 146, 152 Principles of universal design for learning, 54, 56 Principles of universal design, 48, 54, 68, 128, 153 Problem-based learning, 65 Procure accessible products, 21 Procurement contracts, 31 Procurement, 31, 38 Procuring accessible web content, 21 Product design, 48 Production, 136 Progress-monitoring, 107 Project GOALS, 39 Prototypes, 60 Pseudo Digital Text, 143 Psychology of design, 96 Publishing value chain, 138 Qualify for accommodations, 83 Read, 180, 99 Readability, 81 Reading comprehension, 6 Reality of the marketplace, 117 Redundancy principle, 112 Refreshable Braille displays, 56 Regional accreditation commission, 23, 39 Rehabilitation Act of 1973, 48 Reluctant reader, 85 Repetitive strain injury, 51 Research evidence demonstrating the efficacy of UDL, 122 Retrofitting instructional design, 53 Retrofitting, 68, 69 Scan and read systems, 143 Screen magnifiers, 103 Screen reading assistive technology, 144, 148 Secondary beneficiaries, 51, 128, 129, 146, 152, 154 Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act, 53, 54 Sections 504 and 508 of the Rehabilitation Act, 16 Security, 83, 137 Self-study, 23 Semantic markup, 146 Sensory barriers, 4 “Separate is not equal”, 59 Simplicity, 117 Single-purpose apps (SAP), 108 Skilled in technical accessibility, 20 Skip navigation, 20 Smartphone, 99 Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC), 60 Software engineering, 61, 67 Software, 8 Source code, 34 Space Invaders , 101 Spain, 19 Speech recognition software, 49 Spotify, 116 Status Quo, 142 Student error, 97 Student success, 101 Student-centered processes, 16 Study guides, 113 Study skills, 129 Styles, 146 Style guide, 129 Style sheet, 136 Subject matter experts, 62 Switzerland, 19 Synthesized speech, 148 System-change, 8, 15 Taxonomy of design interventions, 153 Technical accessibility, 20, 36 Technical assistance, 19 Technical skills, 20 Technical standard, 26, 29 Templates, 20, 33 Tenon, 31 Text and CSS (FT), 151 Text conversion, 153 Text structure, 129 Text to speech, 83, 149 Text with Audio (TA), 151 Text with Tiers (TT), 151 Text-based digital learning materials, 141 Text-based learning materials, 9, 124, 125, 155 Textbooks, 7, 63, 113, 129, 131, 142 Text-to-speech, 103, 129, 143, 144 3-D printers, 3 Tiered text (TT), 148, 150, 151 Time, 79 Tools and open resources for web developers, 19 Top-down design, 60 Touch screen, 103 Tracking, 21 Traditional systems approach to instructional design, 108 Training and technical support, 29 Training, 19, 21 Tutorials, 31 Twenty-first century digital tools, 17 Twitter, 102 Typical accommodations of a mobile device operating system, 104 Typography, 129, 130 Ubiquitous connectivity, 116 UDL Fatigue , 122, 123 Unanticipated tasks, 104 United Kingdom, 19, 53 United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), 40 United States Access Board, 53 Universal design (UD), 5, 8, 48, 49, 59, 67, 72, 82, 88 Universal design engineering (UDE), 9, 124, 142, 152, 153 Universal design for distance education, 48 Universal design for learning (UDL), 8, 9, 14, 16, 20, 54, 79, 82, 87, 98, 105, 117, 122 Universal design for online education, 70 Universal design for online learning, 48, 71, 72 Universal design in distance education, 48 Universal design principle, 53, 59 Universal design theory, 139 Universal designs, 51 Universal usability, 128, 133, 150, 152 Usability, 5, 6, 127, 144, 152 Usable design, 49 Use, 138 User programmable keyboard shortcuts, 103 Value chain, 134, 135, 138 Virtual microscope, 52 VisiCalc, 101 Vision impairments, 5 Visual and vibrating alerts, 103 Vocabulary, 85, 113 Voice access, 103 VoiceOver, 34 Voice-recognition software, 56 W3C standards for accessibility, 53 W3C Web Accessibility Initiative, 36 Waterfall model, 60, 71 WAVE, 31, 34 WCAG 2.0, 26, 29, 33, 34 WCAG-EM, 33, 36 Web accessibility evaluation, 33 Web accessibility initiatives, 39 Web accessibility, 8, 14, 15, 18, 19, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 28, 38, 39, 59 Web architecture, 19, 21 Web designers and developers, 20 Web designers, 37, 145, 146 Web developer, 28 Web inaccessibility across nations, 17 Web inaccessibility, 19 Web page authoring, 145 WebAIM, 31, 34, 53 Web-based content, 15 Website Accessibility Conformance Evaluation Methodology (WCAG-EM) 1.0, 33 What Works Clearinghouse (WWC), 106 Wheelchairs, 52 Willingham’s nine cognitive principles of learning, 110 Workforce Rehabilitation Act of 1973, 53 World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), 53, 68 XML, 55, 63, 137 Zone of proximal development (ZPD), 140, 154 Book Chapters Accessible Instructional Design Advances in Special Education Technology Accessible Instructional Design Copyright page List of Contributors Editorial Advisory Board Accessible Instructional Design: Designing for Differences What Do You Need to Create and Maintain Web Accessibility? Universal Design for Online Learning Accommodation, Access, Large Scale Assessment: Possibilities for Universal Design Refocusing Instructional Design Design for More Types: Designing Text to Support the Access, Engagement, and Success of Diverse Learners About the Authors Index

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