Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Stone buildings found across Canada were constructed in a different era according to different engineering methodologies than new buildings.These buildings are important representations of the history of the country and should be preserved for future generations.One of the major concerns with these structures is the out-of-plane strength of the walls under earthquake loads.Many of these buildings, notably churches, include buttresses which were originally included to improve the out-of-plane strength of the walls.Current Codes and Standards in Canada do not provide guidance for engineers to assess the out-of-plane strength of walls with buttresses.A survey of churches with buttresses in Ottawa was conducted, acquiring the different sizes and dimensions of buttresses in the downtown core.An Applied Element Method (AEM) software was then used to recreate existing experimental data on the out-of-plane and in-plane strength of stone masonry walls, and the model was modified to analyze the behaviour of buttresses.The results from the modelling program are related back to historic and modern analysis methods obtained from a thorough literature review.i This thesis would not have been possible without the incredible support that I have received.Professors Erochko and Santana-Quintero, you have both been instrumental to the completion of this document and helping me keep my ideas within a reasonable scope while still encouraging that I explore each of the sub-topics that arose over the last two years.I would also like to thank the NSERC CREATE Heritage Engineering program and Carleton University for the financial support that made this journey possible.To all of my co-workers at John G. Cooke & Associates Ltd., thank you for your instruction, for sharing your experiences, and for being understanding of the time required to complete a document of this nature.Without the experience of working with stone buildings, this document could never have come together in a way that is (hopefully) practical as well as informative.To my parents, thank you for constantly showing me that engineering is about logic and common sense as much as mathematics, and that you can always keep learning.And finally to Ross, thank you for always being there and offering the encouragement and support that I needed to finish this process.These past months have been hard, but it has been incredibly valuable to be able to discuss my ideas with you to help shape this thesis.I could not have done it without you.how to assess the strength of these buildings, even though this construction typology forms a significant proportion of our current building stock.For example, based on a 2014 survey, 11.2% of buildings in central Ottawa are unreinforced masonry ((Sabbagh, 2014)).Another major recent shift in structural engineering is the focus on seismic analysis.The field of seismology has experienced significant advancements, including recording of seismic
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,002 | 0,005 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,004 | 0,002 |
| Communication savante | 0,002 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,003 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».