Alkaline/Surfactant/Polymer (ASP) Flood Potential in Southwest Saskatchewan Oil Reservoirs
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Abstract Most of the medium oil reservoirs in southwest Saskatchewan are in thin pay zones of less than eight meters. Primary and waterflood methods have reached more than 80% of their estimated oil recovery potential. These medium oil reservoirs are basically untouched by enhanced oil recovery techniques. An initial study was conducted to assess the suitability of ASP flooding for southwest Saskatchewan reservoirs. On the basis of screening criteria in the literature, the region's reservoir conditions, except for some of the formation types, are favorable for ASP flooding. If only sandstone formations are considered for this process, about 49% of the pools in the region are good candidates for ASP flooding. Extensive oil/water interfacial tension and viscosity measurements were taken to screen surfactant, alkaline and polymer for a medium oil from the region. A series of coreflood tests were conducted in sandpacks to evaluate ASP flooding for the oil. A tertiary oil recovery of 39% IOIP (72% ROIP) was obtained for the test using all three chemicals. These coreflood results showed that a synergistic enhancement among the chemicals did occur in the ASP system for the medium oil with a very low acid number. The results also indicated that, for a medium oil, mobility control was essential and selection of the right surfactant was important. Introduction Oil reservoirs located in southwest Saskatchewan, with 3.1 billion barrel proven oil, are characerized by thin pay (two to eight meters in thickness) and shaly sand. The estimated oil recovery by primary and secondary methods from these reservoirs is about 25% initial oil in place (IOIP).1 Waterfloods in most of these reservoirs have experienced early water breakthrough and high water cut due to the high oil-to-water viscosity ratio. For some of these reservoirs, waterfloods have nearly reached their economic limit. For achieving additional oil recovery and consequent financial benefits, the development of an enhanced oil recover technique is essential. Chemical enhanced oil recovery methods mainly include micellar/polymer flooding, alkaline flooding, polymer flooding and combinations of two or all of the three methods. Extensive studies on these processes have found that successful chemical flooding needs to be able to lower efficiently the oil/ water interfacial tension and to have a very good mobility control. The displacement mechanism of an ASP flood is similar to that of micellar/polymer flooding except that much of the surfactant is replaced by low-cost alkali. Therefore, the overall cost is lower even through the chemical slugs can be larger. Polymer is usually incorporated in the larger, dilute slug. It has been recognized that the oil recovery can be greatly improved by the synergism of chemicals used in the ASP formulations. ASP processes are also being tested in the field. A field-wide project in Wyoming reports costs of US $1.6 to $3.5/bbl of incremental oil produced.2 The economic analysis of two ASP pilot tests in Daqing oil field, China, showed that the chemical cost was US $21 to $28/tonne ($3–4/bbl) of incremental oil produced.3
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Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
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Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».