Glossary

a a' Typically a higher viscosity basaltic lava fl ow, which cools to produce a very rough surface (term originating from Hawaiian English).Abyssal plain An extensive, fl at region of the ocean bottom from 4000 to 7000 m comprising fi ne sediments or oozes; the upper abyssal plain (2000-4000 m) is also often referred to as the continental rise.Acoustic Doppler current profi ler (ADCP) An acoustic current meter that estimates water currents from the backscatter of an acoustic beam from passive particles in the water, such as plankton.Agent-based model (ABM) Like an individual-based model but aggregate groups of several different types (e.g., schools or habitat patches).See 'InVitro model'.Anti-cyclonic fl ow Flows driven by changes in pressure gradient in combination with the Coriolis force.Anti-cyclonic fl ow is a fl ow that moves around a region of high pressure.In the Northern Hemisphere the fl ow has the high pressure to the right of the fl ow direction and to the left of the fl ow in the southern hemisphere.Cyclonic fl ow is a fl ow with low pressure at its centre, and fl ow directions are opposite to that for anti-cyclonic fl ow.Antipatharia Black corals; corals with a hard axial skeleton (typically black or brown) that can form tall whip-like or tree-like colonies.The skeleton is used to make jewellery and decorative objects.Asexual reproduction Reproduction without the production of gametes.Can be used to produce new individuals or for growth of a colony.Offspring are usually identical.Asymptotic length A parameter of the von Bertalanffy growth function (VBGF), expressing the mean length the fi sh of a given stock would reach if they were to grow for an infi nitely long period.Atlantis model Ecosystem box-model containing sub-models representing each step in the management strategy and adaptive management cycles (biophysical, industry, monitoring, assessment, management, socio-economic drivers).Baroclinic The type of water motion that is driven by internal pressure gradients within the ocean caused by horizontal changes in density.Baroclinic fl ows have a vertical change in the velocity structure (i.e., a vertical current shear).Basalt The most common volcanic rock produced by seafl oor spreading; also the source of most oceanic volcanoes.Bathyal Pertaining to the seabed at continental slope depths.Bathydemersal fi sh Living and feeding on the bottom below 1000 m.Bathymetry Measurement of the depth of the ocean fl oor; the ocean equivalent of topography.Bathypelagic fi sh Living or feeding in open waters at depths between 1000 and 4000 m.

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