Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Abstract This paper investigates the feasibility of bitumen production using SAGD technology with a longer wellbore. A longer wellbore can be used to exploit a greater volume of reservoir with a single well as opposed to multiple wells, thus decreasing pad and drilling costs. The major concern of using a longer wellbore from a reservoir engineering point of view is the potentially ununiform steam chamber growth over the whole well length due to pressure drop in the horizontal wells. Reservoir simulation was performed using CMG STARS and Qflow to address the issue. The pressure drop inside the wellbore is calculated using Qflow. Reservoir simulations were performed using STARS. A sectioned model was constructed, dividing the whole length of the horizontal wellbore into multiple sections, each with its own pressure restriction to match the pressure drop obtained from Qflow. The results showed that with sufficiently large wellbore size that resulted in sufficiently low pressure drop, one longer well performed as well as two shorter wells. If the pressure drop in the wellbore is too large by using a smaller size wellbore, the production from a longer well can be significantly impeded. Introduction Since the discovery of oil sands, many techniques have been tried – and improved upon – to recover the highly viscous bitumen for energy consumption. One of the methods of bitumen recovery that is becoming increasingly prevalent is a thermal in-situ method called Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD). Butler (1) first proposed this method in the late 1970s and it was field tested in AOSTRA's Underground Test Facility (UTF) in the 1980s. The initial phase of UTF testing produced successful field results (2, 3). Following Phase A, Phase B was started, implementing the use of longer horizontal wells (4, 5). Surface-operated SAGD was studied in Phase D (6). Following these successful pilot tests, a number of commercial projects have been developed, including Petro-Canada's MacKay River project. One of the factors that needs to be considered in commercial projects is the optimization of the horizontal well length. Usually, SAGD wells are 500 to 700 m long, horizontally. This paper will examine the effectiveness of using a longer horizontal wellbore in SAGD. There is tremendous potential for economic savings in implementing longer wells in a SAGD project. A longer well has the ability to reach greater lengths within a reservoir with one single well as opposed to multiple wells. When multiple wells are drilled, multiple pads must also be built – one for each group of wells. Thus, to cover a certain reservoir, the average pad cost will be lower for longer wells. Another significant cost advantage of the longer well is the fact that less riser sections (also known as build sections) need to be drilled and completed. The riser section has a significantly higher cost than the horizontal section because it is generally much larger in diameter. By decreasing the number of wells in a pattern with the use of longer wells, the cost of all the riser sections is decreased significantly.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».