Index

Citation (2021), "Index", Grasso, F. and Sergi, B.S. (Ed.) Tourism in the Mediterranean Sea, Emerald Publishing Limited, Bingley, pp. 321-330. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-80043-900-920211022 Publisher: Emerald Publishing Limited Copyright © 2021 by Emerald Publishing Limited INDEX Accessibility, 2–3 pyramid, 6 Accessible tourism. See also Recovery tourism, 3, 187 benefits of, 4–5 functioning market for, 6–7 investing in, 5 new economic opportunities for barrier-free Europe, 191–192 reflections, 194–195 regulations, 187–189 “Sicily tourism for all” Association, 192–193 updated data on, 189–191 Accor Hotels Group, 157 Active sustainability, 220–221 Adaptability, 296 Adaptation scenario, 8 Adaptive cycle, 122 Agorai , 18–19 Air transport, 243–246 effects on tourism, 245–246 Airline Deregulation Act, 244 Amenity migration, 212–213 Ancestral tourism. See Roots tourism Ancient religious travel, 57–58 Ancient routes in Sicily Via Francigena of Sicily Route and ‘place awareness’, 42–48 historical research, 35–38 reconstruction of paths, 38–42 Andalusia. org website, 202 Anti-tourism movements, 258 Archaeological heritage of Taormina, 20 Archaeological map of Taormina, 21–22 Archaeological Museum, 19–20 Art cities, 65 seeking, 178–179 Artificial intelligence, 129–130 AssoretiPMI, 233 Attractiveness dimension, 95 Attributes, 96 Average stay index, 312 Barrier-free Europe, new economic opportunities for, 191–192 Benchmarking study between European countries, 201–202 Bermuda I and II agreement, 244 Best practices, 192–193 Bilateral air services agreements, 244 Black list, 246 Borghi, 65 Bottom-up processes, 154 Brand, 159 Brundtland Commission. See World Commission on Environment and Development (WCED) Brundtland definition, 282 Brundtland Report, 49, 151–152, 281 Business management, 145–146 Calabria expectations, 208–209 experience and satisfaction, 209–210 link with, 205–206 perceived image, 210 reasons for journey, 206–208 Calgary model, 96 Caminos, 60 Cannibalistic economic and productive model, 78 Cartesian system, 299 Castronovo center, 37 Catholic Church, 56 guidelines on ecological education and spirituality, 60–61 Cemetery tourism, 199–200 Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union (CFR), 242 Chicago Convention on International Civil Aviation (1944), 244 Christian pilgrimage, 64 Citizenship tourism, 171–172 Civil Liability Convention (CLC), 281 Cluster(ing) algorithm, 262–263 analysis, 99 membership, 99 Coevolutionary perspective, 170 Collaborative network for success of destination, 179 Committee for the Promotion and Support of Accessible Tourism, 188 Community, 40, 76–77 community-resourced based theory, 10 list, 246 resilience, 295 Community-based tourism (CBT), 295 Comparative analysis, conditions for, 156–157 Competitiveness, 94–95 Composite indicator, 96–97 Content-based models of CSR, 153 Corporate brand, 157 Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), 153, 285 Cost advantage, 157–158 CRR selection, 157 Cruise industry and contract, 249–253 Culinary tourism, 109–110 Culinary tourists, 115, 257–258 Cultural assets, 123 landscape, 126, 169 omnivores, 115 transformation of inhabitants, 44 values, 67 Customer services recovery guidelines in Italian territories, 28–31 Definitive stakeholders, 151 Deshpande and Webster model, 153 Destination management organization, 67 tourism competitiveness, 96 Destination marketing organisations (DMOs), 258 Diaspora tourism. See Roots tourism Differentiation advantage, 158–159 Diffused hotel model, 171, 175 Digital ecosystem of paths, 40–41 Digital technologies, 220–221 Digitalization, 129–130 Disability, 194 Dominant coalition, 151 Dwyer and Kim model, 96 Earth Summit (2002), 283 Earthquake, 81 Eco-destination managers, 139 Eco-tourism, 218–219, 221–222 Economic dimension, 95 Economic growth, 152 in Mediterranean region, 130–135 Economic resilience of urban destinations. See also Resilience, 292 methodology, 298–300 results, 300–303 Ecosustainability. See also Sustainability on human and religious perspective, 61 of tourism, 61 Ecosystems, 291 Ecumenical approach to religious tourism, 61–62 Egypt, tourism in, 133 Eleventh Europcar Observatory, 192 Empathy, 7, 159 Energetic efficiency (EE), 145 Energy supply from renewable sources (ER), 145 Environmental integrity, 152 sustainability, 129–130 Ethics, 147–148 EU ecomanagement and audit scheme (EMAS), 285 EU emissions trading system (EU ETS), 287 Europe, historical evolution in, 57–58 ‘Europe Without Barriers’ initiative, 192 European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development (EAFRD), 230 European Capital of Culture (ECoC), 169, 172 European High Middle Ages cultural climate, 37 European Tourism Indicators System (ETIS), 285–286 European transport policy, 282 European Travel Commission (ETC), 110–112 Expectant stakeholders, 151 Experienced hospitality, 40–41 Exposure, 296 External mobility, 243 Faith tourism. See Religious tourism Food, 257–258 Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO), 258 Fragile tourist destination, 172–174 Francigene reception network, 40–41 Gastronomic experiences, 110–111 Gastronomy decision, 112–113 gastronomy-motivated tourists, 114–115 individual passion for gastronomy driving travel decisions, 111–112 lovers, 113 motivations, activities and behaviours of tourists travelling for, 111–115 strategies for, 115–116 in tourism, 109–111 tourists for different types of experiences, 113–114 Genealogical tourism. See Roots tourism Geographical information system (GIS), 21–22 Germany. travel website, 202 Global Geopark, 124 Global positioning system (GPS), 21 Globalization, 77–78 Green marketing, 145–146 Green models, 126 Green practices, 154 Green tourism, 43, 139 Greenwashing, 144–146 Hierarchical cluster analysis, 99 Historical routes, 42 Holiness, 59–60 Hospitality, 40–41 businesses, 170 Hotel businesses, 170 Hotel Chains, 145, 156 ‘Hub-and-spoke’ approach, 245 ICLEI, 282 Identity, 76–77 Importance performance analysis (IPA), 96 In-depth analysis, 38 Inactivity scenario, 8 Inclusion, 190 Inclusive packages in Europe, 251–253 Inclusive tourism, 7, 11–12 Innovation(s), 5–6 choice for innovative destination, 5–7 in tourism, 129–130 Institutional collaborations, 11–12 Integrated ecology, 138 Integrated network tourism model, 11 Integrated relational tourism, 10–11 Internal mobility, 243 International Convention on Travel Contracts (CCV), 250 International Ship and Port Facility Security Code (ISPS Code), 247–248 International tourist arrivals, 131–132 International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), 282 Interpersonal collaborations, 11–12 IPCA. See Importance performance analysis (IPA) Ireland. com website, 201 Island contexts, 310–312 Italia. it website, 202 Italian emigration, 200 Italian Episcopal Conference (CEI), 222–223 Italian Federation Immigration-Emigration (FIEI), 200 Italian Ministry of Cultural Heritage and Tourism, 219 Italian Multiple Sclerosis Association (AISM), 192 Italian sign language (LIS), 193 Italian Society of Soft Mobility, 26–27 Italian territories, customer services recovery guidelines in, 28–31 Italy attractiveness, 26–28 attractivity to tourism in post-COVID-19 scenario, 32 sustainability for tourism recovery in, 31–32 Italy’s island systems, 310 contexts, 310–312 performances, 314–316 tourism in, 312–314 Itinerarium Rosaliae , 226–227, 230–235 Landscape, 125 maps, 126 Latent stakeholders, 151 Legitimacy, 149–151 Leximancer, 259, 263–265 Liberalization of air transport, 245 Lifestyle migration, 212 Lisbon Treaty, 283 Local awareness, 45–46 Local community, 3, 9–10, 120, 122–123 Local development, 219–222 Local heritage assets, 77–78 Local identity, 39, 80–82 Local street food, 258 Local tourist areas (LTAs), 298–299 Logistic infrastructures, 66 Low-cost airlines, 245 phenomenon, 245–246 Maastricht Treaty, 282 ‘Made with sustainability in mind’ program, 157 Madonie, 121 Madonie Ecomuseum, 126 Madonie Park, 121, 124 resilience strategies in, 124–127 ‘Magna Via Francigena’ project, 40, 42, 48–49, 226 Maritime safety, 280 Market-oriented notation, 153 Marketing function, 144 ‘Matera Alberga’ project, 178–179 Matera case citizenship tourism, 171–172 findings, 175–181 literary review, 169–171 research objectives and methodology, 172–175 sustainability of tourism, 171–172 as tourist destination, 168–169 Maturation, 46–47 Mediterranean Basin, performances of island contexts in, 314–316 Mediterranean countries, 93–94, 99–100 dendrogram, 104 PCA results for, 103 ranking and value of subindexes for, 102 score, rank and change, 100 Mediterranean region, 129–130 tourism and economic growth in, 130–135 tourism and sustainability in, 137–140 Mettici manu (slogan), 39 MiBACT, 42–43 Micro and small enterprises (MSEs), 265–266 Micro-enterprises, 47–48 Micro-island contexts, 313 Migration, 201 Ministry of Cultural Heritage and Tourism (MiBACT), 224 Mobility, 242, 243 Modern religious tourism, 57–58 Monti Sicani Operator Network, 230 Morocco, tourism in, 132–133 Murgia Materana plateau, 169 Narration, 41 Natural assets, 123 Natural parks, 65 Naumachia, 18–20 Need, 149–151 Neo-institutionalist theory, 149 New ecology of tourism, 43 New normality, 26 New tourism scenarios, 25–26 Niche tourism, 43 No-frills airlines. See Low-cost airlines North American empirical studies, 110–111 Officina Territoriale Itinerarium Rosaliae, Project of, 233–235 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), 94, 98–99 Our Common Future, 281 Overcrowding, 4 Overtourism, 43, 138 effects of, 176–177 Package holidays, 251 Package tours, 251 Package travel, 251 Palermo province, 37 PANORAMED project, 136–137 Parco della Murgia Materana , 169 Partnership, 159 Passive sustainability, 220–221 ‘Paths’ Network Ò in Sicily’, 230 Pilgrimages, 57, 63–64 Place attachment, 212 Place awareness, 42–48, 75–77, 79 tourism and, 80–84 Place-based development policies, 126 Planning of business operation, 154–156 Poland. travel , 202 Policoro Project, 232–233 Polish Genealogical Society of America (PGSA), 202 Polish Tourism Organization, 202 Porter’s diamond model, 96 Power, 149–151 Prevention principle, 5–6 Primary stakeholders, 149 Principal component (PC), 101 Principal component analysis (PCA), 99 results for Mediterranean Countries, 103 Priority scenario, 8 Products and services, 144 Public tourism planning, 120 Quality, 159 Real religious tourism, 62 Reciprocity principle, 171 Recovery index, 298–299 Recovery tourism. See also Accessible tourism customer services recovery guidelines in Italian territories, 28–31 Italy’s attractiveness, 26–28 Italy’s attractivity to tourism in post-COVID-19 scenario, 32 new tourism scenarios, 25–26 sustainability for tourism recovery in Italy, 31–32 Regional government, 9–10 Relationship tourism, 43 Relativism, 58 Religion, 58–59, 62 Religious itineraries, 223–224 Religious light tourism, 59–60 Religious pilgrimages, 55–56 Religious routes, 218–219, 227–230 and paths and Italian policies, 224–226 and paths as integrated experience, 223–224 Religious tourism. See also Accessible tourism, 55–56, 61, 222 areas and tools to creating, 66–67 asset for socioeconomic sustainability by development, 62–63 Catholic Church guidelines on ecological education and spirituality, 60–61 ecumenical approach to religious tourism, 61–62 historical evolution in Europe, 57–58 perspective and paths in progress, 222–230 religious travel and, 55–56 and sustainability, 65 youth in whole world, 58–59 Religious travel, 55–56, 60 to religious tourism and sustainability, 63–66 Residential tourism, 212 Residents’ attitude towards tourism, 177–179 Resilience, 122, 292 interpretations, 294 principles, 122 of Sicilian tourism systems, 296–303 strategies in inner areas, 120–124, 124–127 theory, 293 and tourism, 293–296 Resistance index, 299 Resource-advantage theory, 153 Responsible development, 145 Responsible tourism, 65–66 Retirement migration, 212 Return migration, 212 Return tourism. See Roots tourism Rio Declaration, 282 Rio+20. See United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development (UNCSD) Roots tourism. See also Sustainable tourism, 199–200 benchmarking study between European countries, 201–202 correlation with other tourism segments, 212–213 effects on economic and social fabric of destination, 211–212 roots tourist profiles, needs and motivations to travel, 203–210 Roots tourists, 212 Rural and village tourism, 218–219 Rural areas, 218–219 Rural tourism, 123–124 ‘Sacred Ways of Sicily’, 230 Safety in field of transport and tourism, 246–249 Safety of Life at Sea Convention (SOLAS Convention), 247–248 Saint Francis Caracciolo’s Camino, 65 Saint Francis Way, 64–65 Sambuca di Sicilia, 80–84 Sassi area, 169, 176, 178 Satisfaction dimension, 95 Saturation principle, 174–175 Second homes, 200, 203 Secondary stakeholders, 149 Secularism, 58 Security in field of transport and tourism, 246–249 Self-sustainability, 49 Sensitivity, 296 ‘Sicilia Turismo per Tutti’ association, 193 Sicilian tourism systems, resilience of, 296–303 Sicily, 18, 292 case study in, 226–235 island, 219 tourism in, 296–297 “Sicily tourism for all” Association, 192–193 Simtur, 26–28 Single European Act (1986), 282 Singular value decomposition method (SVD method), 99 Slow tourism, 31, 61, 138–139, 218–219 forms, 42–43 routes, 66–67 Social commitment, 222–223 Social equality, 152 Social inclusiveness, 66 Socio-ecological systems, 294–295 Socioeconomic sustainability asset by development, 62–63 Spiritual tourism. See Religious tourism Spirituality, 58–59, 62 Squared Euclidean distance, 99 Stability of system, 10 Stakeholder theory, 147–152 Street food, 257–258 approach, 259–261 breakdown sources, 260 as developer of social capital, 266–267 as leveraging tool, 265–266 and locals, 262 method, 259 methodology, 258–259 as pull factor, 263–265 rationale, 258–259 results, 259–263 and tourism, 261 Street vending foods, 258 Supplies, 158 Supply chains, 26 Sustainability, 49, 60–61, 157–158 in business vision, 151–154 dimension, 95 at EU level, 284–286 horizons as opportunity for tourism and local development, 219–222 religious tourism and, 65 tourism and, 136–140 of tourism in Matera, 171–172 for tourism recovery in Italy, 31–32 Sustainability, Memory, Art, Regeneration, Territory (SMART), 234 Sustainable business approach, 147–151 Sustainable company management, 145–147 Sustainable consumption and production (SCP), 136 Sustainable development, 49, 151, 280–284 in field of transport and tourism, 246–249 international programs, 156 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), 172, 218–219, 283 Sustainable mobility strategy, 243 Sustainable sharing accommodation, 175–176 Sustainable tourism, 3, 43, 136, 219–221, 263–265, 280 areas and tools to creating, 66–67 professionals, 26–27 Sustainable Tourism Program (STP), 136 Sustainable transport, 248 Sustainable transportation, 284 Syncretism, 58 Taormina, 18–20, 23 archaeological heritage, 20 archaeological map, 21–22 individual archaeological monuments, 23 webGIS, 22–23 Tauromenion , 18, 22–23 Technological innovation, 11, 220–221 Technology, 129–130 Terracotta, 81 Territorial continuity, 242, 243 development, 78 identity, 78 scales for tourism planning, 120 Territorialist model, 78 Territory, 44 Terrorism, 284–285 The International Ecotourism Society (TIES), 137 Theory of regulation, 10 Third Package of liberalization measures, 245 3D virtual reconstruction technologies, 20 Torrey Canyon , 280–281 Tour Operator approach, 156 Tourism, 60–61, 63, 75–77, 93–94, 218–220, 291–292 as ‘return to territory’, 77–80 destination competitiveness, 95 development, 75–77 development model, 9, 29–30 dramatic effects of coronavirus on, 286–287 at EU level, 284–286 gastronomy in, 109–111 industry, 129–130, 291–292 instruments to reducing impact of, 180–181 in Italy’s island contexts, 312–314 literature overview, 133–135 in Mediterranean region, 130–135 in Morocco, 132–133 and place awareness, 80–84 planning in inner areas, 120–124 resilience and, 293–296 sector, 129–130 sector, 241 service providers, 6 in Sicily, 296–297 and sustainability, 136–140 Tourism and Environment Reporting Mechanism (TOUERM), 285 Tourism competitiveness, 94 data and methodology, 99–101 literature overview, 95–96 measuring competitiveness of tourist destination, 96–99 results, 101 Tourism for all, 2–5 investment for, 5–7 territorial determinants for planning, 7–12 universal design method, 12–14 Tourism led growth hypothesis (TLGH), 133–135 Tourism of origins. See Roots tourism Tourismphobia, 258 Tourists for different types of experiences, 113–114 measuring competitiveness of tourist destination, 96–99 motivations, activities and behaviours of tourists travelling for gastronomy, 111–115 region, 9 Transport dramatic effects of coronavirus on, 286–287 at EU level, 284–286 transport-tourism-mobility, 242–243 Transport and tourism relationship, 241 air transport, 243–246 cruise industry and contract, 249–253 safety, security and sustainable development in, 246–249 transport-tourism-mobility, 242–243 Transportation, 242 Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index (TTCI), 97–99 Travel Activities and Motivation Survey (TAMS), 110–111 Travel Industry Association of America (TIAA), 110–111 Travel sentiment, 26–27 Travellers, 109 behaviour, 109–110 profile, 110–111 Trekking of the Saint , 226 Tunisia, tourism in, 133 ‘Turismo per Tutti Development’ project, 193 Tuscan archipelago, 312 United Nation World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), 4–6 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), 282 United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development (UNCSD), 283 United Nations Conference on the Human Environment (UNCHE), 281 United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), 282 United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), 63, 93–94 Universal design method, 12–14 Urban tourism, 300 US Civil Aeronautics Board (US CAB), 244 Variable geometry model, 121 Via Francigena, 66 Via Francigena Fabaria, The , 227 Via Francigena Mazarense, The , 227 Via Francigena Messina per le Montagne, The , 227 Vicinati, 180 Vie Francigene di Sicilia project, 38–39, 42–48 Village for all (V4A), 191–192 Visitscotland. com website, 201–202 Voluntary pilgrim reception committees, 40 Vulnerability, 296 Ward’s method, 99 Weberian criteria, 7 WebGIS, 21–22 Widespread economy, 43–44 World Commission on the Environment and Development (WCED), 49, 151–152, 281 World Economic Forum (WEF), 94 World Food Travel Association (WFTA), 110–111 World Health Organization (WHO), 25, 26 World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD), 283 World Wildlife Fund (WWF), 282 10-Year Framework of Programs on Sustainable Consumption and Production Patterns (10YFP), 136 Year of Walking, The, 219 Youth in whole world, 58–59 Book Chapters Prelims Chapter 1 Tourism for All: Economic Opportunities and Territorial Constraints for Sustainable Development Chapter 2 Archaeological Research, Dissemination of Knowledge, and Touristic Valorization in a Multi-Layered City. The Example of Taormina, Sicily Chapter 3 The Role of Sustainability for the Tourism Recovery in Italy Chapter 4 A New Sustainable Way…Together: The Ancient Routes in Sicily Chapter 5 Religious tourism and Sustainability: From Devotion to Spiritual Experience Chapter 6 Place Awareness and Community Tourism: The Case of Sambuca di Sicilia Chapter 7 Tourism Competitiveness in Mediterranean Countries: A Quantitative Approach Chapter 8 Consuming Gastronomy While Travelling: What Do Tourists Want? Chapter 9 Tourism Planning and Resilience Strategies in Inner Areas: Communities in Action in the Madonie Area Chapter 10 Tourism, Economic Growth and Sustainability in the Mediterranean Region Chapter 11 Responsibility and Sustainability in International Hotel Chains Chapter 12 Sustainable Accommodation in a Fragile Tourist Destination: The Matera Case Chapter 13 For a Responsible, Sustainable and Inclusive Tourism Chapter 14 Roots Tourism: Opportunities for the Territories Deriving from Identity Journeys of Italian Emigrants Chapter 15 Eco-sustainable Routes and Religious Tourism: An Opportunity for Local Development. The Case Study of Sicilian Routes Chapter 16 Transport and Tourism Relationship Chapter 17 Connecting Locals and Visitors: The Case of Street Food Chapter 18 Tourism, Transport and Sustainability Chapter 19 The Economic Resilience of the Urban Destination in Sicily (Italy) Chapter 20 Italy’s Island Systems: Competitiveness in the Mediterranean Context Index

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