Index

Citation (2019), "Index", Underserved and Socially Disadvantaged Groups and Linkages with Health and Health Care Differentials (Research in the Sociology of Health Care, Vol. 37), Emerald Publishing Limited, Bingley, pp. 259-269. https://doi.org/10.1108/S0275-495920190000037020 Publisher: Emerald Publishing Limited Copyright © 2019 Emerald Publishing Limited INDEX Accountable Care Act, 109 Acculturation, 35, 49 ACLI Colf home care and domestic workers’ association, 245–246 Adolescent mental health, 30 Adult-as-researcher, 143 Adulthood transitions, 41 Age, 20–21, 36 Age-period-cohort effects, 36 Aging, 34, 88–89, 106, 107, 108 adults with ASD, 89 Alienation and bodywork, DCWs, 228 Alternative care settings, ASD, 114–115 Amenorrhea and thalassemia, 192 Ancestry and Immigrant Generation, 44 Anonymity, 143–144 and privacy, Hepatitis C, 130–131 Anti-leprosy treatment, 184 Anxiety and depression, 17 Arsenic, 74–75 ASD. See Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) Asian American, 37 Asian and Latinx ancestry, 34 Assimilation, 35 Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation (ASPE), 229 Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), 102 Autism spectrum disorders (ASD), 88 alternative care settings, 114–115 barriers to health, 108–111 ability to serve, influence on, 111 available services access, 108–109 group and supported residential living, 110–111 Medicaid coverage, 109–110 characteristics, 93 future work, 113–115 health disparities, 89 impacted adults and guardians, 103–108 emergency rooms, 106–107 family members role, 105 PCP serving as coordinator of care/services, 104–105 preventive health services, 107–108 reliance on caseworkers, 106 informant characteristics, 92–94, 96 limitations to study, 112–113 medical home concept for adults, 115 patients and caregivers, 94–103 ageism/disability, double jeopardy stigma of, 103 clinical accommodations, 96–99 communication practices, 99–100 patient social/behavioral requirements, 100–101 psychotropic medications, 101–103, 115 physician role, 89–90 prevalence, 88–89 primary care providers (PCPs), 89–90 provider perspective and sharing best practices, 114 research methods, 90–92 human subject issues, 92 participant recruitment, accommodations, 92 sampling strategy, 91–92 research purpose, 90 social characteristics of, 95 Backache, 249–250 Balance customization, 112 Barriers to health, ASD, 108–111 ability to serve, influence on, 111 available services access, 108–109 group and supported residential living, 110–111 Medicaid coverage, 109–110 Bilateral family systems, 39 Bilingual interviewers, 57–58 Biographical narratives, thalassemic women’s methods, 192–193 result, 193–199 See also Thalassemia Biological mother/father, 20 Biomedicine, 190 Birth ethnicity, 48 Black adolescents, 25 Black American families, 28 “Black Girl Magic” movement, 28–29 Black home culture, 28–29 Black individuals and families, 73–74 Black–White differences in physical health, 72 Block Group (BG) level data, 19 Body mass index (BMI), 150–151 Buddhist teaching on Karma, 173 Cadmium, 74–75, 77, 80 Canadian Medical Association Journal (CMAJ), 208 Care assistants, 241 Career-focused specialists, 214 Care work, 227, 234–236 Care workers’ health risks characteristics, 230, 231 injuries, 233 time for tasks, 234, 235 working conditions, 230–233 Caring labor, 226 Case modification indices, 21 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 227, 229 Child-as-researched, 143 Childhood obesity, 138–139, 155 Child-rearing responsibilities, 214 Children as active agents, 146 Children’s perspectives on health, 138, 155 Chinese immigrant women, 37 Chi-square tests, 229–230 Chronic stressors, 28–29 Church-based support groups and HCV, 132–133 Church communities support, 40–41 Clinical accommodations, ASD environmental adjustments, 97–98 pediatric providers utilization, 98–99 sensory needs, 97 Closeness, 17 “Coefficient change” approach, 78–79 Cognitive and physical abilities, 34 Cohabitation and isolation, 243 Collaborative Psychiatric Epidemiology Surveys (CPES), 41–42, 55 Communication and closeness, 17 open, 17 and physical approach to examinations, ASD, 94–96 Community based rehabilitation (CBR), 168–169 Community leaders and HCV, 132 Community participation and leprosy, 168 Community’s support system, hepatitis C, 129–130 Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), 37 Confidentiality, 143–144 Convenience, 150–151, 153 Cooley’s syndrome, 192 Coordination of care, 112 Coresidence, 39 Critical discourse analysis, 207–208, 218–219 Critical functionalism, 207–208 Cubans, 59 Cultural beliefs and attitudes, 37 Depression, 102 and home care workers’, 244–245 Dietary practices, 148 Direct care work (DCW) jobs, 226, 234 activities of daily living (ADLs), 227 health risks, 227 physical and emotional health outcomes, 227 workplaces, 227–228 Disposition to leprosy, 182 Domestic and care-providing jobs, 241 Domestic partner (DP), 213 Domestic workers and nurses, 244 Dysfunctionality, 207–208 Emergency room (ER), 106–107, 114–115 Emotional involvement, 243 Employee’s working and reproductive space, 242 Employment, 59 English proficiency, 59 and familism, 39 Environmental exposure, 72–73 Environmental toxins, 76–77 Equally problematic and leprosy, 168 Ethnic and immigrant-generation groups, 48 Ethnographic observations, on-site research, 144 Ethnopsychiatry, 191 Exploratory research, ASD, 91 Exposure to toxins, 72–73 Extra-curricular activities, rural children’s health, 155 Face-to-face emotional labor, 242 Face-to-face interviews, HCV, 124 Familial support and mental health service, 34, 35 ancestry/immigrant-generation and, 43 beliefs and behaviors in, 37–38 familism, 39 family expectations and networks, shifts in, 40–41 filial piety, 39 hypothesis 1, 44–47 hypothesis 2, 47 hypothesis 3, 47 hypothesis 4, 47–48 limitations, 48–49 modernization, 36–37 sex, marital status and familial support, 43–44 socioemotional selectivity theory, 36 variables, 42–43 Western influences, 39–40 Familism, 35, 39 Familismo, 36 Family caregiving, 48 closeness, 17 cohesion, 34 expectations and networks, shifts in, 40–41 food rules, 154 free time rules, 154 metaphor, 228–229 reputation, 37 Family-specific codes, rural children’s health, 153–154 food rules, 153 size and structure, 153–154 Family support, 17–18, 20, 28, 35 measures of, 30 and psychological distress, 19 interaction effects, 25 relationship, 23 structural equation models (SEM), 22, 23–24, 25–26 Fear of shame, 37 Femininity and weakness, 48 Filial piety, 35, 39 First-generation Asian Americans, 43 First-generation immigrants, 37 First-generation Latinx, 43 Focused coding, 146–147 Focus group discussion (FGD), 174–175, 176 Food and social identity, 154 Foreign-born immigrants, 40 Foreign-born parents age, 41 Foreign-born persons, 48 Freaky balance, 102 Free-time activities, 155 Full-time employment, 36, 39–40 Games and exercises, rural children’s health, 145–146 Gender, 20–21, 58–59, 78 dimension and social stratification, 169 patterning, 39 roles in family, 28 segregation, 227 stratification, 227–228 Gender inequalities, 17, 54, 216 in health policies, 191, 198 leprosy, 169–172, 182–183 thalassemia, 195 Girls of color (GOC), 16 anxiety and depression for, 28 family support and, 17–18, 28–29 health professionals assessing, 29 mental illness among, 16–17 psychological distress, 19 resilience and stress handeling, 28–29 social disadvantages, 18, 27 GOC. See Girls of color (GOC) Google Scholar, 208 Grounded theory, 140 coding, 147 Guardian characteristics, ASD, 94, 96 Healthcare provider, ASD, 89–90, 94–96, 99, 100–101, 114 Health disparities, 89 Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, HIPPA, 130 Health policies gender inequalities in, 191 gender inequality in, 198 humanized, 199 See also Thalassemia Health-related assistance, 38 Healthy obesity, 150–151 Heavy metal toxins, 75 Hepatitis C and support groups in rural communities anonymity and privacy, lack of, 130–131 community’s support system, 129–130 data collection, 123–124 Institutional Review Board (IRB), 122–123 intentional ignorance, 128–129 location selection, 123 low-income families, 127–128 patients, 127 qualitative inquiry selection, 122 social class and social life, 120–121 social environment, 121–122 social structures in riverside, 126–127 study sample, composite descriptions of, 125–126 Hepatitis C virus (HCV), 120 mortality, 120 sexual promiscuity, 120–121 Hispanic culture, 35 Home-based workers, 228–229, 230 Home care assistant, 241 health issues of, 241 in Italy, 241–243 occupational health investigation, 240–241 risk, 244 wellbeing, 250–251 work-related malaise, 244 Home care work assistants in Italy, 241–243 data collection, 245 domestic space, cohabitation in, 251–253 emotional work and body work, compound effects of, 249–251 focus groups, 245–246 survey, 246–249 workers’ health risks, 243–245 workplace, violence in, 253–254 Home health aid, 229 Honour and prestige, leprosy, 171 Illness storytelling, 191 Immigrant DCWs, 227–228 populations, 49 Immigration, 34–35 Impacted adults and guardians, ASD, 103–108 emergency rooms, 106–107 family doctor, 103 family members role, 105 PCP serving as coordinator of care/services, 104–105 preventive health services, 107–108 reliance on caseworkers, 106 Inadequate staffing, 228 Incapacity, thalassemia, 196 Income, 77–78 In-depth interview (IDI), 174–175, 176 “Indirect effect” approach, 78–79 Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), 76–77 Influential “clique” of people, 126–127 Informal caregiving, 38 Informal employment relationship, 243 Informants, 112 Informed consent, rural children’s health, 147–148 Informed grounded theory, 140–141 Initial coding, 146–147 Insomnia, home care assistants, 248 Institutional discrimination, 234 Institutional Review Board (IRB), 122–123 Insurance coverage, 110 Insurance programs, 34–35 Intellectual disabilities (ID), 91 adults with, 115 ASD associated with, 88 diversity, 91 severe, 93 See also Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) Intentional ignorance, hepatitis C, 128–129 Inter-church support group, HCV, 133 Inter-occupational racial and gender stratification, 227–228 Interpersonal prejudice, 234 Intersectionality, 27–28 Interview, 144 Intimacy, 243 IRB. See Institutional Review Board (IRB) Job satisfaction, 229–230 Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA), 208 Kessler Psychological Distress Scale, 58 Labeling theory, leprosy, 173 Language barriers, 41 Latino ethnicity, 59, 60, 63 interaction term, 56–57 Latino groups mental health, 55–56 Latino subethnic groups, 54 Latinx populations, 34, 37 Lawful permanent residents (LPRs), 34 Lead, 74–75, 77 Least adult role, 143 Least possible adult, 143 Leprosaria, 171 Leprosy, 166–167 adverse religious perspectives, 173 anti-leprosy treatment, 184 awareness level, 183–184 Buddhist teaching on Karma, 173 cross-sectional survey method, 173–176 exposure, 184 gender, community support and post-treatment re-integration, 182–183 gender issues and its control, 169–172 hypothesis, 172 at India, 170 labeling theory, 173 negative cultural imaging, 173 New Case Detection(NCD), 167, 168 permanent disability, 166–167 problems, 167–169 research questions, 172 respondents, sociodemographic characteristics, 176–179 substantive research issues, 179–182 test of hypothesis, 183 Leprosy Control Units of Ministry of Health, 174–175 Leprosy Mission International (1999), 170 Life expectancy, 72 Limited English proficiency (LEP), 38 Live-in care workers, 247–248 Live-in domestic workers, 244 Live-in formula, 244 Local governments areas (LGAs), 174, 175 Local health professionals, HCV, 131 Logistic regression for mental health service, 45, 46 Low-income district students, 142 Low-income families, HCV, 131 Low-income housing, 73–74 Low socioeconomic status, 17 Making Gray Gold (1995), 226 Male African American nurses, 227–228 Male-dominated medical world, 216 Manpower insufficiency, 40 Marital status, 58–59 and sex, 48 Maternity and thalassemia, 193 MAXQDA, 147 Mediated moderation approach, 21 Medicaid, 94, 229 ASD, 109–110 Medical anthropology, 190 Medicalization, 190–191, 193 Medicare, 229 coverage and immigrant populations, 38 Memo-writing, 146–147 Mental health services, beliefs and behaviors in, 37–38 Mexicans, 64 Midwest Elementary School, 153–154 Midwest Town and Midwest Elementary School, 142–143 Migrant women data collection, 245 domestic space, cohabitation in, 251–253 emotional work and body work, compound effects of, 249–251 focus groups, 245–246 home care assistants in Italy, 241–243 home care workers’ health risks, 243–245 survey, 246–249 workplace, violence in, 253–254 Missing at random (MAR), 21 Mixed-method approach, workers’ narrations, 245 Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), 154 Modernization, 36–37 “Mommy track”, 214 Morbidity and mortality, 83 Multi-drug therapy (MDT), 168 Multivariable linear regression models, 59–63 Multivariable linear regression models, subjective social status in community, 62–63 in U.S., 59–62 Naïve empiricism, 140–141 National Comorbidity Survey: Adolescent Supplement (NCS-A), 18 National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R), 18, 19 sample, 18–19 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES), 75–76 National Home Health Aide Survey (NHHAS), 227, 229 National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), 18 National Latino and Asian American Study (NLAAS), 41–42, 57 National Leprosy Control Programme, 167–168 National Nursing Assistant Study (NNAS), 227, 229 National Nursing Home Survey (NNHS), 229 National Tuberculosis and Leprosy Control Programme (NTBLCP), 167–168 Negative cultural imaging of leprosy, 173 Network shifts and inconsistencies, 41 New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM), 208 Nigeria, 166–167 Nigeria’s National Leprosy Control Programme, 169 Non-Hispanic Blacks, 75, 82 Non-Hispanic Whites, 75, 82, 83 Non-Italian workers, 246 Non-Latino Whites, 54 Nonnurturant, reproductive labor, 227 Non-specific psychological distress, 58 Nursing assistant, surveys, 229 Nurturant caregiving relationships, 227 Obesity-related initiatives, 138–139 Objective socioeconomic status (SES), 59 Occupational health risks, 256 Off-label use, 102 Open coding, hepatitis C patients, 124 Open communication, 17 Oral communication abilities, ASD, 91–92 Ordinary least squares (OLS) regression, 78 Paid employment, 228–229 Parent education, 20–21 employment, 20 marital status, 20 self-rated mental health, 20, 21 Parent-child relationships, 49 Paternity and thalassemia, 193 Patient-centered medical homes (PCMH), 104, 115 Patients and caregivers, ASD, 94–103 ageism/disability, double jeopardy stigma of, 103 clinical accommodations, 96–99 communication practices, 99–100 patient social/behavioral requirements, 100–101 psychotropic medications, 101–103, 115 Patriarchal family systems, 39 PCMH. See Patient-centered medical homes (PCMH) Pediatric health providers, ASD, 98–99 Pediatric hospitals, ASD, 98–99 Pediatric physicians, ASD, 97 Performance as health incentive, 154 Period effects, 36 Personal beliefs, 37–38 Persons affected by leprosy (PAL), 166–167, 176 Physical activity, rural children’s health, 154–156 extra-curricular activities, 155 performance as health incentive, 154 self-exclusion from recess and P.E, 155–156 Physical aggression, 244–245 Physical strain, 249–250 Physician role and ASD, 89–90 Physicians-in-training, 214 Policymakers, ASD, 108 Pollution-producing facilities, 73–74 Power imbalance, researcher and respondent, 143 Preventative health services, 108 Primary care providers (PCPs), 94, 108 ASD, treatment and diagnosis, 89–90 Primary sampling units (PSUs), 18–19 Professional incompetence, 40 Promotions and tenure, 214 Pseudonyms, HCV, 123–124 Psychological disorders, live-in caregivers, 243 Psychological distress, 17, 19–20 differentials descriptive statistics and preliminary analyses, 59 Latino groups mental health, 55–56 limitations, 64–65 multivariable linear regression models, 59–63 objective socioeconomic status (SES), 59 psychological distress, 57–58 socio-cultural indicators, 58–59 sociodemographic variables, 58 statistical analyses, 56–57 subjective SES and mental health, 56 subjective social status (SSS), 58 family support and, 19, 22, 23–24, 25–26 girls of color (GOC), 19 pathway, 21 Psychological wellbeing, 17 Psychophysical malaise index, 249 difficulties of home care work, 252 for live-in formula, 252 for physical aggressions, 254 for physical strain, 250 for relational strain, 251 for sexual harassment in the workplace, 254 Psychotropic medications, ASD, 101–103, 115 Public Use Microdata Sample (PUMS), 19 PubMed, 208 Qualitative childhood sociologist, 138–139 Qualitative coding, 147 Race and ethnicity, 77 Race, environmental inequality and physical health, 81–82 background variables, 78 data, 75–76 environmental risk and physical health, 74–75 environmental toxins, 76–77 hypotheses, 75 mediation analyses, 81 race and ethnicity, 77 risk, 73–74 self-rated physical health, 77, 80 socioeconomic status, 77–78 statistical procedures, 78–79 supplemental analyses, 81 toxin exposures, 79 Race/ethnicity, 20–21 Race inequalities, 72 Racial discrimination, 17 Racial/ethnic minorities, 17–18 Racism and discrimination, 73–74 Recruitment and consent procedures, 18–19 “Refused to answer”, hepatitis C patients, 124–126 Religious affiliation, 120–121 Reproduction thalassemia and, 192 Reproductive labor measures, 229–230 Residential caregiver, ASD, 99 Reverse causality, 29 Root mean square of approximation (RMSEA), 21 Rural children’s health access, 156–157 data analysis, 148–149 data collection, 145–147 ethnographic observations, 145 games and exercises, 145–146 student interviews, 146–147 difference, 149–150 family-specific codes, 153–154 family food rules, 153 family size and structure, 153–154 informed consent, 147–148 knowledge vs. choice, 150–153 cooking food, 151 skinny and healthy, 152–153 time constraints and convenience, 150–151 methodological considerations in research, 143–144 Midwest Town and Midwest Elementary School, 142–143 participants, 144–145 physical activity, 154–156 extra-curricular activities, 155 performance as health incentive, 154 self-exclusion from recess and P.E, 155–156 questions, 157–160 significance of study, 141–142 state of the research, 140–141 study and research questions purpose, 139 theoretical framework, 139–140 Rural community, hepatitis C and support groups in anonymity and privacy, lack of, 130–131 community’s support system, 129–130 data collection, 123–124 Institutional Review Board (IRB), 122–123 intentional ignorance, 128–129 location selection, 123 low-income families, 127–128 patients, 127 qualitative inquiry selection, 122 social class and social life, 120–121 social environment, 121–122 social structures in riverside, 126–127 study sample, composite descriptions of, 125–126 Rural-urban disparity, 138–139 Scientistic reductionism, 190 Scopus, 208 Secondary traumatic stress, 228–229 Second-generation Asians Americans, 43 Second-generation Latinx, 43 Selective coding, hepatitis C patients, 124 Self-esteem, 17–18 Self-image and thalassemia, 197 Self-rated health, 37–38, 77 Self-rated physical health, 77, 78, 80 Self-reliance, 37–38 Self-reported racial identification, 20–21 Semi-structured interviews, 145–146 Sense of helplessness, 131–132 Sexual harassment, 253 Sexual promiscuity, 120–121 Sleep disturbances, 102 Sobel test, 78–79 Social and Economic Rehabilitation (SER), 169 Social class and social life, Hepatitis C, 120–121 Social desirability bias, 143 Social integration and thalassemia, 197 Social isolation, 181–182 and HCV, 120–121 Social ranking and leprosy, 171 Social security, 34–35 Social stratification, 171 Social support, 17, 28 Socio-cultural indicators, 58–62 Sociodemographic indicators, 56–57 Sociodemographic variables, 58 Socioeconomic stagnation, 39–40 Socioeconomic status (SES), 77–78 Socioemotional selectivity theory, 36, 37 Sociology of Childhood, 139, 140, 143, 146 Southeast Nigeria, 173 Southern Illinois University School of Medicine (SIU SOM), 138 Spatial deference, 242–243 Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software, 175–176 “Status sequence”, 36 Stigma, 120–121, 131, 133 and shame, 37 Stratification, 73–74 Stressors, 49 Structural Equation Models (SEM), 21 family support and psychological distress, 22, 23–24, 25–26 Structural inadequacies, 38 Student interviews, rural children’s health, 146–147 Subjective SES and mental health, 56 Subjective social status (SSS), 20–21, 56–57, 58 in community, 62–63 and mood dysfunction, 56 regression models for, 61 in U.S., 59–62 Supportive family setting, 17 Symbolic violence, thalassemia, 194 Thalassemia, 192 amenorrhea and, 192 gender difference, 195 incapacity, 196 maternity, 193 narrating illness, 197–198 paternity, 193 reproduction and, 192 self-fulfillment plans, 197 self-image, 197 social integration, 197 symbolic violence, 194 treatment, 192 unachieved maternity, 194 Thalassemic heterozygotic parents, 192 Thalassemic women’s biographical trajectory methods, 192–193 result, 193–199 Theoretical coding, 146–147 Theoretical sampling, 146–147 Time constraints, 150–151, 153 Total household income, 20–21 Toxicity and waste, 72–73 Toxins, 74 embodiment, 75 exposures, 78, 79 Unachieved maternity, 194 United States National Center for Long Term Care Statistics, 227 Unstructured interviews, 145–146 Urbanicity, 20–21 Urinary cadmium, 75 Violence counselling centers, 256 home care assistants, 254 in workplace, 244, 253–254, 256 Violent behavior, 244 Well-being and nutrition, 138, 139, 144–145, 155 Western influences, 39–40 White men nurses, 227–228 Women’s health concerns, 172, 184 See also Leprosy Women in medicine, 218 Women physicians and women physician researchers (WP/WPR) amelioration, recommendations for, 217 behavioral decisions, 217 child-rearing and homemaking, 218 contemporary critical discourse, 208 data selection, 208–209 discourse and social practices, 207–208 gender-specific lifestyle, 217 gender stereotype, 218 institutional inequalities, 208 language, 218 lifestyle choices, 218 limitations, 219 medical interventions, 217–218 medical language, 217 practice, policy implications and recommendations, 218 theoretical and methodological 207–208 relationships, 229–230 psychological distress, 244–245 See also Home care work with life, 217 and by women, violence in, 253–254 Health 166–167 Health 168 Black 17–18 to Underserved and Socially Disadvantaged Groups and Linkages with Health and Health Care Differentials Mental Health Mental Health for Girls of Familial and Mental Health and Second-generation Asian American and Latinx Psychological Distress Differentials as of Subjective Social Latino in the United States Health Race, Environmental and Physical Health Autism and the Healthcare of Hepatitis C and Groups in Rural Rural Children’s on Health, and Nutrition Gender Public on Gender and Women’s to for Leprosy Control in Southeast Thalassemic Women’s Biographical Gender in Health Health Care Balance in Medical Reproduction of and the of Gender of Direct Care Health in Nursing and Health of Migrant Women as Home Care in of the of Home Care

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