Basic Investigations on Enhanced Gas Recovery by Gas-Gas Displacement
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Abstract The paper presents basic data on Enhanced Gas Recovery (EGR) by gas-gas displacement for nearly depleted natural gas reservoirs by injecting waste gases. The soundness of the concept of gas-gas displacement for enhancing gas recovery was investigated via laboratory investigations, compositional modelling and economic analyses. Paramount Resources is field testing the concept in their GRIPE Project in the Athabasca region of Alberta, to enhance production from a gas bearing stratum overlying the oil sand interval. This paper is a part of a series of papers presenting results of EGR research conducted over a five-year period (2003 – 2007). The main targets were volumetric (closed) reservoirs in advanced phases of exploitation. Results of basic research on methane displaced from core samples by pure gases (pure CO2 or pure N2), as well as flue gases (mixtures of CO2 and N2), are presented. A series of nine gas/gas displacement tests in 30 cm long, 4 cm diameter, Berea cores were conducted at a temperature of 70?C and a pressure of 6,200 kPa. Most of the tests were conducted in the presence of connate water, while others were conducted without connate water (dry cores) to confirm and benchmark the results by other investigators. The tests on consolidated cores showed that for pure nitrogen and pure CO2, used as the displacing medium, the recovery was comparable. Where a mixture of CO2 and nitrogen displaced the natural gas, it was observed that there was a delay in CO2 breakthrough, associated with a period when only a mixture of methane and nitrogen was produced. This is so because solubility of CO2 in connate water is considerably higher than that of nitrogen. This leads directly to a higher gas recovery due to a longer exploitation period, given the fact that up to 20% nitrogen can be tolerated in the produced stream, as opposed to only 1% for the CO2 case. For this period of methane and nitrogen production, there are no operational problems associated with the corrosive nature of CO2. EGR by gas-gas displacement is seen as a promising way of prolonging the productive life and economic recovery of many depleting volumetric gas reservoirs. Introduction Alberta currently has 42,000 gas pools, which are in different stages of exploitation. For these gas reservoirs, the pools that should be considered first in the implementation of large-scale EGR-CO2 and CO2 storage have not yet been identified, and no screening criteria have yet been developed. Currently, only the concept of "disused gas reservoirs" has been advanced(1) for CO2 storage. This concept implies that only those reservoirs that are in an advanced stage of depletion (with very little marketable gas left), traditionally with extremely low current pressure, or which are water invaded, should be considered. In this context, they have been considered exclusively for CO2 storage and not for enhanced gas recovery (EGR). This paper brings a new concept: that of simultaneous EGR and CO2 storage.
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Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,003 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».