Hydraulic Fracture Design Optimization for Deep Foothills Gas Wells
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Abstract The Deanne Glauconitic A pool is located approximately 80 km northwest of Rocky Mountain House, in the Alberta foothills. The reservoir is a thin, tight sandstone, located at a depth of approximately 3,500 m. In-situ stress conditions in this area have been strongly influenced by the orogeny of the Rocky Mountains, with significant tectonic stresses imposed on the rock matrix. This high stress regime poses a major challenge to the very costly hydraulic fracturing treatments. A review of off-setting fracture treatments in the area showed that approximately 50% of previous treatments suffered from premature screenout, with poor poststimulation productivity. A comprehensive study was conducted to understand the cause(s) of previous failures, and to make recommendations for an optimal fracture design. Once the key fracturing design parameters were identified, a re-completion design was carried out, including a re-fracture treatment, which successfully placed all of the fracture sand. This paper describes recommended procedures to optimize hydraulic fracture design for a deep gas reservoir in the foothills. These procedures include:Review off-setting fracture treatments;Identify the key drivers for successful sand placement;Examine core samples and design the fracture fluid, with emphasis on minimizing rock-fluid interactions;Model the hydraulic fracture using a 3-D simulator;Size the fracture to optimize economic returns;Design the re-completion program and estimate costs;Implement the fracture treatment with stringent QA/QC processes;Post-fracture analysis by means of net pressure and radioactive logs to validate the fracture design. Introduction Field History The Deanne Glauconitic 'A' pool was discovered with the completion of the well NUL el al Deanne 11–03–39–11 W5M in April 1983. The reported initial pool pressure was 55,360 kPaa at an MPP depth of 3,446.5 mKB giving a reservoir pressure gradient of 16.1 kPa/m. The well was tied-in and placed on production in October 1987 at an initial rate of 100 103m3/d. Subsequently a total of 10 wells have been completed in the Glauconitic zone in the immediate area, with a second pool (Glauconitic B) identified to the west of the original pool. The cumulative production from the Glauconitic A pool to February 2002 was 713.9 106m3 from a total of 5 producing wells. The reservoir has been produced by depletion drive, and the most recent available static reservoir pressure measurement was 28,160 kPaa as of June 2001. The reservoir natural gas is sweet, condensate rich with high heating value. The gas specific gravity is approximately 0.68, consisting of 83% methane, 11% ethane and 3% propane. The average condensate gas ratio is approximately 0.14 m3/103m3 (25 B/MMscf). Rock Properties And Reservoir Quality The Glauconitic formation in the Deanne area has variable gross pay thickness between 4 and 8 m. The open hole log derived porosity in the pay section varies between 9 and 12% with some streaks up to 15%. The reservoir is under-saturated with average water saturation values in the 15 to 25% range. The reservoirr permeability, derived by in-situ methods, was in the range of 0.1 to 1 mD.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,002 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».