Development of an Experimental Apparatus for Studying High-Temperature Heat and Mass Transfer in Soils
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
The objective of this study was to design and build an experimental apparatus for studying heat and moisture transport phenomena in soils at temperatures greater than 40°C up to 90°C. An experimental soil cell was designed and constructed for experimental studies of one-dimensional heat and moisture transfer within a vertical soil column. The interference effect between two proximate TDR probes was examined for three types of soils and it was found that parallel TDR probes can interfere with each other if the distance between them is around 1 cm. Also, for the samples with higher water contents, the effect of interference on the electromagnetic waveform signals is more prominent, which can result in 15% uncertainty in the measurement of water content. Through the numerical study, four stages of design analysis were carried out to eventually reach a satisfactory design which was deemed to meet the research objective, i.e. less than 5% variation of heat fluxes in the radial direction along the soil cell. The experimental assessment of the final soil cell was first performed using dry Matilda soil. The temperature profile along the soil cell deviated from the linear temperature profile by 18.6% when the temperature level and gradient was high at 82.6°C and 90°C/m, respectively. At this condition, the difference of heat fluxes between the top and bottom heat flux meters was recorded to be 34%. This case is the worst case due to the low thermal conductivity of the dry soil. The experimental assessment of the final soil cell was also done for a wet Matilda soil at a degree of saturation of about 65%. The temperature profile along the soil cell had a maximum deviation of 7.7% from the linear temperature profile even when the temperature level of the soil cell was high at 82.1°C. At this condition, the difference of heat fluxes between the top and bottom heat flux meters was recorded to be 4.2%. After the reliability of the apparatus was assessed, nine cases of the wet soil were studied. The results show that the temperature gradient is the main driving force to cause moisture migration.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».