8.W.L. Posterwalk: Obesity, food and nutrition
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
In 2012, civil society organizations (CSO), the Ministry of Health, and food and beverage industry leaders were advocating for a public health policy to help address overweight and obesity in Mexico (71.2% of the population are obese or overweight).This resulted in a regulatory initiative launched in 2013, including a tax on sodas and snacks (10% and 8% respectively).The final policy was implemented in September 2013 despite being criticised by advocacy groups due to its perceived loopholes and accepted by the food industry. Description of the problemThis qualitative research explores two main questions: 1) What are the influences that shaped the design and implementation of the soda tax in Mexico?2) How might commercial interests have affected policy responses?Semi-structured interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of 30 key informants from government, civil society and industry in Mexico in 2014 following implementation of the soda tax.Qualitative analysis was employed to capture actors' perspectives about the drivers and barriers in the policy process. ResultsPreliminary findings suggest that the soda tax in Mexico was shaped by range of factors including: a) the lack of progress in reducing obesity despite previous government initiatives b) evidence of limited success of voluntary or self-regulatory measures, c) government requirements at the time for increasing revenue, and d) Ongoing CSO demands.Despite wide engagement, CSOs report being side-lined during the policy design while industry leaders report satisfaction with their input to the policy design, as their values were aligned with government objectives.Due to negotiations between industry and policy-makers, they were on the whole, perceived as partners despite the clear conflicts of interest. Lessons/ConclusionsTaxing unhealthy beverages is as an important health policy that could help tackle obesity.There is little research to support it.Evaluation research often focuses on health outcomes, such as whether such taxes result in reduced consumption.This research demonstrates that novel research approaches are needed to understand the dynamics between actors during different stages of taxation policies for health.Lessons drawn from this research may have implications for public health governance of other food and beverage taxation policies elsewhere. Key messagesUnderstanding of network dynamics on the policy design, will help in understanding main coincidences and divergences from the evidence-base arguments, due to embedded interests Since taxing foods and beverages is emerging as a popular health policy, novel research is needed to understand the dynamics between actors during different stages of the policy processCalling for policy to recognise the contribution of calories from alcohol to the obesity epidemic
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,002 | 0,007 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,002 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,003 | 0,002 |
| Communication savante | 0,003 | 0,004 |
| Science ouverte | 0,002 | 0,003 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,017 | 0,011 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,015 | 0,009 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».