Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Abstract Plant respiration is the controlled oxidation of energy‐rich photosynthetic end‐products (i.e. starch and sucrose) via the pathways of glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and mitochondrial electron transport chain, producing CO 2 and adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Respiration also generates low‐molecular‐weight ‘building block’ molecules needed as precursors for biosynthesis and nitrogen assimilation. Although most respiratory enzymes are common to all organisms, there are many features unique to plant respiration including the occurrence of parallel glycolytic pathways in the cytosol and plastid, and alternative ‘bypass’ enzymes in cytosolic glycolysis, and the mitochondrial TCA cycle and electron transport chain. These bypasses include glycolytic enzymes that use pyrophosphate instead of ATP and non‐energy‐conserving routes of mitochondrial electron transport. The resulting flexible nature of plant respiratory metabolism represents an essential adaptation that helps sessile plants acclimatise to the many stresses that they are exposed to in their natural environment. Genetic engineering of respiratory metabolism in transgenic plants is providing an important biotechnological approach for improving crop yields and enhancing sustainable agriculture. Key Concepts Respiration is represented by the combined reactions of glycolysis, the TCA cycle and the miETC. Plant respiration produces ATP as well as biosynthetic precursors needed for growth and various metabolites needed for stress acclimation. Comparing the organisation and control of metabolism between different organisms provides key insights into the two main themes of biology: namely, evolution and adaptation. Carbohydrates are the dominant respiratory substrate in plants, whereas fatty acids are rarely respired. Plant cytosolic glycolysis is a complex network containing alternative enzymatic reactions that circumvent a classical reaction dependent on ATP, ADP or phosphate as a cosubstrate. Alternative PPi‐dependent cytosolic enzymes confer a considerable bioenergetic benefit that extends the survival time of ATP‐depleted plant cells during abiotic stresses such as anoxia or severe phosphate starvation. PEPC is a tightly regulated enzyme situated at a crucial branch point of plant metabolism that controls anaplerotic replenishment of TCA cycle intermediates withdrawn for biosynthesis and N‐assimilation. The operation of the TCA ‘cycle’ is flexible and changes flux modes to suit the needs of the cell. Plants dynamically alter the efficiency of mitochondrial ATP production by their miETC via use of alternate dehydrogenases and oxidases, and UCP, thereby providing additional metabolic flexibility in an ever‐changing and stressful environment. At the ecosystem level, plant respiration has a profound impact on the CO 2 concentration in the atmosphere, and is therefore a key component influencing the global carbon cycle and climate change. Metabolic engineering of plant respiration is providing an important approach to enhancing crop yields, as well as a potential mechanism for mitigating global climate change owing to elevated atmospheric CO 2 levels.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».