Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Electronic commerce or e-commerce can be briefly defined as a financial transaction or commercial information between two parties based on data transmitted over communication networks (Soriano & Ponce, 2002). It relies upon users’ interventions to initiate a transaction and select the main steps of the process. Users’ actions stem from a succession of virtual decisions. Indeed, when shopping with a virtual catalog, customers can select products which meet their needs, tastes, and respect their price range. Such decisions consistently require the users’ input, thus costing them both time and money. These costs are even more exorbitant when a search is launched for an order that includes a variety of products from different sources which have different characteristics (price range, delivery dates, etc.). When transactions involve users who are moving or take place over mobile networks, this is referred to as mobile electronic commerce, a specific type of e-commerce. Mobile electronic commerce (or m-commerce) refers to an ability to carry out wireless commercial transactions using mobile applications within mobile devices, such as mobile phones and personal digital assistants (PDAs). It is generally defined as the set of transactions or processes which can be carried out over a wireless mobile network. According to this definition, m-commerce constitutes a subset of all electronic commercial transactions (electronic commerce or e-commerce) from business to consumer (B2C) or business to business (B2B). Thus, short personal messages such as those from SMS (short messaging system) sent between two individuals do not fall into the category of m-commerce, whereas messages from a service provider to a salesperson or a consumer, or vice versa, do fit this very definition. M-commerce appears as an emerging manifestation of Internet electronic commerce which meshes together concepts such as the Internet, mobile computing, and wireless telecommunications in order to provide an array of sophisticated services (m-services) to mobile users (Varshney, Vetter, & Kalakota, 2000; Veijalainen, Terziyan, & Tirri, 2003). E-commerce includes an initial step where consumers search for a product they wish to purchase by virtually visiting several merchants. Once the product is found, negotiations can take place between the customer and the merchant (electronic negotiation or e-negotiation) (Paurobally, Turner, & Jennings, 2003). If an agreement is reached, the next step is the payment phase. At each step of the process, some problems arise, such as transaction security, confidence in the payment protocol, bandwidth limitations, quality of service, shipping delays, and so forth (Younas, Chao, & Anane, 2003; Zhang, Yuan, & Archer, 2002). The peak withdrawal periods have always presented a major challenge for certain types of distributed applications. The advent of m-commerce further highlights this problem. Indeed, in spite of rather optimistic predictions, m-commerce is plagued by several handicaps which hinder its commercial development, security being the main one.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».