Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Abstract In the last several years there has been a dramatic increase in the pace of the evolution of multilateral systems. Many systems with new features and improved functionality have been introduced that have enhanced the application of multilateral technology. Few of these systems, however, have been designed with the needs of the Canadian heavy oil producer in mind. Canadian energy producers face a different set of economical variables than do internationally based companies. As a result, very few of the multilateral systems that are presently commercially available can add value to a heavy oil development project. Very often the extra capital cost, the lengthy installation process, or the perceived operational risk will defeat a multilateral well proposal based on a NPV comparison with the obvious alternative: drilling two wells to capture the same reserves. With the Canadian operator's economical and functional parameters in mind, a system was developed as a practical solution Alberta's multilateral equation. The multilateral system was developed in response to need for:A junction that does not require cementing of the lateral LinerA lateral liner that is mechanically tied-back to the main casing StringMinimal casing restrictions for re-entry access of the lateral and mainboreA reduced number of operational steps to complete the JunctionA lower up-front capital cost of a multilateral installation.Optional sand-control for the lateral wellbore near the junction. This solution lends itself to a TAML level 3 junction for a variety of practical reasons. This system can be installed faster and more economically than a level 4 system, while lending more structural strength to the junction than a level 2. A level 3 system is particularly applicable to heavy oil reservoirs where the wells are drilled horizontally through the reservoir because it provides mechanical integrity to the junction without requiring cementing of the lateral liners. Most importantly, the system must be designed to minimize the additional capital cost of constructing a multilateral junction. The cost of drilling a shallow heavy oil well in Alberta is relatively low compared to many other places in the world. Rig costs are lower and drilling operations are extremely efficient. Therefore operators require an affordable junction construction system that can be installed with minimal additional rig time. It was with these challenges in mind that Halliburton/Sperry- Sun went towards designing the MACH-3 ™ system. It is an innovative, hybrid system capitalizing on the proven commercial success of the RMLS ™ (Retrievable Multi-Lateral System) which is responsible for over 217 junctions globally. MACH-3 Sequence of Operations Step 1–9 (available in full paper) As can be seen from the preceding operations sequence, the system can be used to create a complete level 3 junction with only three additional rig trips and minimal operational steps. Installation could be further simplified by eliminating the lateral ACP, which is an optional feature included to prevent the flow of formation solids through the casing-wellbore annulus and then into the junction itself.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,002 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Communication savante | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,011 | 0,001 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».