This issue of Acta

The cover illustration shows glaucomatous optic discs that are evaluated by computer in the paper by Tanito et al. from Japan in the electronic part of this issue. Johannesen et al. in Odense conclude that foveal capillary nonperfusion and larger foveal avascular zone seen by OCT angiography in patients with diabetic retinopathy and even in diabetic patients without morphological lesions. Spooner et al. in Australia suggest that switching from bevacizumab/ranibizumab to aflibercept may improve the morphology of persistent macular oedema in retinal vein occlusion, but visual recovery is less certain. Telleman et al. in the Netherlands conclude that visual acuity cannot be measured reliably in 3-year-olds. Hansen et al. in Denmark found amblyopia in 1.5% of Danish children, and this was associated with anisometropia, astigmatism, a thicker subfoveal choroid and childhood strabismus. Fledelius et al. in Denmark found visual field loss in patients with high myopia to be modest and of limited clinical importance. Škiljić et al. in Sweden found ophthalmological symptoms and findings in the majority of patients with neuroborreliosis. Facial palsy with palpebral diastasis was a common finding as was diplopia and sixth nerve affection. Rothova et al. in the Netherlands found infections in 46% of immunocompromised patients with uveitis, in contrast to 12% in immunocompetent patients. Non-HIV immunocompromised patients had intraocular herpes simplex and varicella zoster virus infections, whilst HIV-positive patients exhibited cytomegalovirus retinitis and syphilis. Enders et al. in Germany emphasize the value of measuring Bruch's membrane opening minimum rim area when imaging glaucoma patients with spectral domain optical coherence tomography. Kosior-Jarecka et al. in Poland saw disc haemorrhages in more women with normal tension glaucoma and associated this with higher IOP and visual field defects. Þórisdóttir et al. in Lund recommend the use of donor sclera for strabismus surgery in thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy or congenital strabismus. Ekström et al., in Uppsala were unable to verify a relationship between pseudoexfoliation and the development of aortic aneurysm. Nielsen et al. in Denmark stress the involvement of matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase in age-related changes in Bruch's membrane. These factors are significantly altered systemically, suggesting an imbalance in the homoeostasis of the extracellular matrix. These imbalances may explain differences in the clinical manifestation of late AMD. Lövestam Adrian et al. in Sweden and USA studied patients treated with aflibercept for wet age-related macular degeneration. Those with worst visual acuity at baseline improved the most. Eyes with good visual acuity at baseline lost a little, but still had the best final vision. Subhi et al. in Denmark, Sweden and Japan found inflammatory markers in plasma of patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration, and these were somewhat different in patient with polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy. Amarakoon et al. in Rotterdam found bevacizumab administration on-demand every 8 weeks to be noninferior to administration every 4 weeks in patients with age-related macular degeneration. Klefter et al. in Denmark used motion-contrast imaging to demonstrate reduced macular perfusion velocities in ocular ischaemic syndrome eyes compared with unaffected fellow eyes and healthy control eyes. Lundberg et al. in Denmark and UK compared two methods to measure choroidal thickness by enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography. The following articles are published electronically and are accessible on www.actaophthalmologica.com, as are all articles in Acta for the last century. Guo et al. in Canada and USA performed a meta-regression on studies of aflibercept treatment for neovascular age-related macular degeneration. This meta-analysis strongly suggests improved VA outcomes at 12 months in patients with wet AMD for 2.0 mg aflibercept, comparable to but slightly lower than landmark trials. Increased injection frequency and younger age demonstrate a trend with improved outcomes. Maugeri et al. in Italy reviewed complement factor H rs1061170 polymorphism and age-related macular degeneration. In Caucasians, the rs1061170 showed a significant association with early, dry and wet AMD. In Asians, the rs1061170 showed a significant association with advanced AMD. Shajari et al. in Germany and Austria reviewed and compared conventional and accelerated corneal cross-linking for the treatment of keratoconus and found both to provide successful results in the strengthening of corneal tissue. Bata et al. in Austria and Singapore used Doppler flowmetry to associate abnormal autoregulation of optic nerve head blood flow with primary open-angle glaucoma. Tanito et al. in Japan developed a classification formula, which can predict and quantify each component of different optic disc appearances and provide a novel parameter to describe glaucomatous optic disc characteristics. Barbosa-Breda et al. in Belgium and Portugal found more signs of vascular dysfunction in normal tension compared with primary open-angle glaucoma. Patients with NTG had a higher resistive index and lower early systolic acceleration in their retrobulbar vessels and a smaller arteriovenous retinal oxygen saturation difference. Koh et al. in Singapore and UK used pretreatment anterior segment optical coherence tomography scans and an algorithm to predict the success of laser peripheral iridotomy for primary angle closure suspect eyes. Sun et al. in Taiwan found a strong association between nonarteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy and obstructive sleep apnoea. Patients with obstructive sleep apnoea had a higher risk of nonarteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy. Kousal et al. in Czech Republic and UK used OCT scans to confirm that the peripapillary microvascular network is abnormal in eyes with visual impairment due to Leber hereditary optic neuropathy. Garcia-Martin et al. in Spain found that patients with multiple sclerosis had choroidal thinning in all zones around the optic disc, compared with healthy subjects. Wollensak et al. in Germany found the biomechanical effect of contact lens-assisted collagen cross-linking in porcine corneas is about one-third less than after standard cross-linking. The efficacy might be improved by reducing the riboflavin film on the contact lens. Özdemir et al. in Turkey suggest that it is useful to combine corneal collagen cross-linking treatment with medical treatment in the fungal keratitis algorithm at the early stage of the disease. Semeraro et al. in Italy found that both standard and heavy silicone oil favourable outcome in surgical treatment of complicated retinal detachments. However, heavy silicone oil triggered a more severe inflammatory reaction. Núñez-Álvarez et al. in Spain found that blue light affects mitochondrial function and also the development tight junctions between retinal pigment epithelial cells which result in a loss of cell viability. Red light ameliorates this effect. Wei et al. in Singapore, India and UK found decreased choroidal vascularity in eyes with retinal dystrophies. El-Asrar et al. in Saudi Arabia and Belgium found that immune responses mediated by the CC chemokines CCL8, CCL13 and CCL20 appear to be more potent in nongranulomatous uveitis, particularly in HLA-B27-associated uveitis. Potic et al. in Switzerland and Serbia determine hemi-macular detachment by optical coherence tomography and clinical discuss implications. English et al. in Australia describe postoperative endophthalmitis following chandelier-assisted scleral buckle for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Stattin et al. in Austria describe five-year outcomes of a PRN treatment regimen with anti-VEGF for neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Esteban et al. in Spain studied the effect of mitochondrial haplogroups on ranibizumab response in neovascular age-related macular degeneration patients. Stattin et al. in Austria used OCT to detect secondary choroidal neovascularization in chronic central serous chorioretinopathy. Karacorlu et al. in Turkey followed surgery for idiopathic macular hole for 5 years. Carreno et al. in UK describe the clinical spectrum of vitreoretinal lymphoma and its association with MyD88 L265P mutation. Weingessel et al. in Austria found that 80% of patients leaves the final decision to their ophthalmologists before undergoing cataract surgery. Grzybowski and Kanclerz in Poland question whether disposable gloves and gowns necessary for cataract surgery. Verhoekx et al. in Rotterdam found a 12 times increased risk blepharoptosis with soft contact lens wear. Grzybowski and Kanclerz in Poland trace the idea of IOL implantation back to the 18th century. I hope this issue of Acta provides pleasant and informative reading as the sun slowly rises.

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