Underground Gas Storage in Partially Depleted Gas Reservoir
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Abstract Main objective of this study is dealing with a real case study of an Iranian gas condensate reservoir for the purpose of underground gas storage. Doing such a study in this reservoir will aid developing this technology and also demonstrates new concept of underground gas storage in partially depleted gas reservoirs. After gathering some data about the reservoir and preparing a geological model for the field, a simulation plan considered for this field. Static model converted to a dynamic one by assigning reservoir fluid data. Finally, compositional model of the reservoir prepared and verified to be accurate through a history matching process. After being sure about accuracy of the model and validating it, different scenarios for underground gas storage developed. Depletion and gas storage scenarios made for the field and results obtained. Gas storage in partially depleted gas reservoir considered in scenarios for developing this field too. After comparing different scenarios some practical results achieved and best scenario for developing this field chosen. Introduction An underground gas storage system can be defined as a combination of a constant supply with a variable demand for economic advantages[1]. In other words, it helps to combine low-demand summer season and high-demand winter season. The whole process is injecting natural gas or rarely other gases into subsurface reservoirs in the periods that demands fall bellow the gas supply. When demands exceed the supply, the gas will be withdrawn from the reservoir. Fluctuating demands due to temperature and climate make it an economic process that is necessary in many cases for efficient use of the pipelines. It also helps to have an effective delivery during peak demand seasons. This process can also help producing oil or condensate and can be considered as an IOR method too. By increasing demand of gas in many areas of the world, developing storage plans and effective use of existing storage sources is a priority for engineering and economic advantages. Figure 1 illustrates natural gas supply and demand relation and clarifies importance of having some gas stored in low demand periods in order to use in high demand periods. Figure 1- Natural gas supply and demand. (Source from [2]) (Available in full paper) Depleted gas reservoirs called to be the best choice of underground gas storage and almost all early projects were developed in depleted gas reservoirs. There are of course other types of underground gas storage that are storing gas in aquifers and in caverns and salt structures. Peak load natural gas consumption has become a problem in big cities in Iran, especially in Capital. Underground gas storage technology seems to be a helpful key to overcome this trouble. Reservoir Summary A gas condensate reservoir is chosen for the purpose of underground gas storage that is located in central Iran. This field discovered in 1955 and its production started in 1959. It has a structure that is a northwest-southeast trending anticline approximately 25 kilometers long and about five kilometers wide. The structure is investigated by surface and seismic surveys and eight wells drilled on the field.
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Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Communication savante | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,003 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».