Optimization of Steam-Assisted Gravity Drainage in McMurray Reservoir
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Résumé
Abstract Many field tests of the Steam-Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD) process have been conducted and have shown that the process is a technically effective one at extracting oil from heavy oil and bitumen reservoirs. However, it has not been firmly established whether the technology is operated at optimized conditions to yield maximum economic returns. This is especially important because typically SAGD depends on combustion of natural gas to generate steam and this is the dominant cost. This is especially important when natural gas prices are high. This research evaluates the use of a genetic algorithm optimization scheme to control a commercially available thermal reservoir simulator to optimize the steam injection strategy to reduce the cumulative oil to steam ratio (cSOR). The reservoir description is typical of that from Athabasca reservoirs. The results show that the injectionstrategy, for an individual wellpair, can be altered to reduce the cSOR up to 50% from a uniform injection pressure strategy to one after the steam injection strategy has been optimized. The optimized profile has high steam injection pressure at the beginning of the process before the steam chamber reaches the top of the reservoir. Before the chamber reaches the overburden, with high injection pressure, the saturation temperature is high and there are no thermal losses to theoverburden. After the chamber reaches the top of the formation, the injection pressure is lowered throughout the remainder of the process. This reduction of injection pressure implies that the saturation temperature falls and consequently the losses to the overburden are lowered. Thus the overall thermal efficiency of the process is enhanced. The optimized strategy is compared to processes operating at 1000 and 2000kPa constant injection pressure. Introduction Steam-Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD) has now been extensively tested and in commercial production in the Athabasca and Cold Lake regions of Alberta (Komery et al., 1999; Butler, 1997; AED, 2004; Yee and Stroich, 2004; Scott, 2002). The majority of existing SAGD projects are based in Alberta, Canada: more than nine are located in the Athabasca region (the McMurray formation), one in the Peace River region, (the Bluesky formation), four are in the Cold Lake region (the Clearwater formation, one other in the Grand Rapids formation), and five are in Saskatchewan (the Grand Rapids formation). The SAGD process, displayed in Figure 1, was developed by Butler (1997) while at Imperial Oil in the late 1970s. The process consists of two aligned horizontal wellbores: steam is injected into the top one whereas reservoir fluids are produced from the bottom one. The process is non-cyclic, that is, steam is continuously injected and fluids are continuously produced. Around and above the injection well, a steam chamber grows. The injected steam flows into the steam chamber and eventually comes into contact with oil sand at its edge. The steam thenreleases its latent heat to the oil sand, the oil heats up, its viscosity drops, and it flows (with water condensate) under gravity down the inclined chamber edge to the production well.
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| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
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