Correlation Among Ground Beef Lipid Content, Color, and Lipid Oxidation Over a 7-Day Simulated Retail Display Period
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
ObjectivesGround beef is more susceptible to lipid oxidation compared to whole muscle beef cuts. This is due to its smaller particle size and greater surface area, which makes the meat products more prone to be exposed to various environmental factors during production. The objective of this study was to determine the relationships among ground beef lipid content, instrumental color, visual discoloration, and lipid oxidation over a 7d simulated retail display period.Materials and MethodsBeef inside rounds (IMPS #168) from the right sides of steer carcasses (n = 63) were collected from a commercial processing facility and delivered to the U of Guelph Meat Science Laboratory for further analyses. Each inside round was trimmed of all subcutaneous fat and connective tissue, and then fabricated into ground beef patties (113 g/patty) at two targeted fat addition levels (no added fat and 25%). Lean ground beef (no added fat) was made by grinding cubes of inside round muscle through a Sirman Master 90 Y12 meat grinder (Sirman USA, Franklin Park, IL). Regular ground beef (25% added fat) was made by grinding cubed round muscle with an additional 25% subcutaneous fat that originated from the rib primal of the same carcass. For the simulated retail shelf life study, 2 crust frozen patties (crust frozen for 1 h to improve packaging ability) were placed on a Styrofoam meat tray with a soaker pad and overwrapped with PVC film. In total, there were 4 trays of patties per ID (2 trays/targeted fat level). Trays were placed under two LED lights (52 W, 1850 lumens, color temperature of 4000K, 1612.5 to 2152 lux) at 4°C and the locations on shelves were changed every 24 h. Minolta L*, a*, b* color and subjective surface discoloration were evaluated every 24 h for 7 d. Lipid peroxidation of patties before and after the retail display was estimated using thiobarbituric reactive substances (TBARS; mg MDA/g fat). Lipid content of patties was quantified using Soxhlet extraction with petroleum ether. Summary statistics and Pearson correlation coefficients were determined using the PROC CORR procedure of SAS. Correlations were regarded as weak at r < |0.35|, moderate at |0.36| ≤ r ≤ |0.67|, and strong at r ≥ |0.68|.ResultsLipid content in the 126 ground beef samples evaluated in this study ranged from 3.47% to 30.43% (16.30% ± 6.18%). A moderate and significant correlation was observed between lipid content and change in TBARS values (r = –0.59, P < 0.0001). Similarly, an increase in lipid content is moderately correlated with a decrease in a* values (r = –0.58, P < 0.0001) and an increase in surface discoloration after a 7d display period (r = 0.53, P < 0.0001). Δ TBARS values was weakly correlated with Δ L* (r = 0.24, P < 0.01), Δ a* (r = 0.11, P = 0.25), and visual discoloration (r = –0.16, P = 0.09). Finally, Δ a* was strongly correlated with surface discoloration values at d7 (r = –0.76, P < 0.0001).ConclusionAn increase of lipid content in ground beef had a moderate association with decreased redness, greater surface discoloration, and less change in lipid oxidation over a 7d simulated retail display period. Color values were not great predictors of lipid oxidation values and trained technicians often equated visual discoloration in beef to a deviation from the desired cherry red color.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».