Index

Citation (2017), "Index", Finding Common Ground: Consensus in Research Ethics Across the Social Sciences (Advances in Research Ethics and Integrity, Vol. 1), Emerald Publishing Limited, Bingley, pp. 227-240. https://doi.org/10.1108/S2398-601820170000001023 Publisher: Emerald Publishing Limited Copyright © 2017 Emerald Publishing Limited INDEX AAA. See American Anthropological Association (AAA) AAUP. See American Association of University Professors (AAUP) Academia, xiv Academy of Social Sciences (AcSS), xxiv, 3, 5, 80, 104, 112, 126, 136–137, 159, 172 cross-disciplinary discussions, 113 implications for research governance and ethics review, 118 model clauses for ethics codes, 122–123 principles, 114 privacy, autonomy, diversity and dignity of individuals, 114–116 research integrity in social sciences, 120–121 social science researchers should acknowledge social responsibilities, 116–117 virtuous researcher, 119–120 work collectively towards common code, 119 work towards common modules, 119 ‘Acceptance’, 22 Accountability, 52 AcSS Working Group, xxiv Adoption by research organizations, 90–91 All European Academies (ALLEA), 201, 204 American Anthropological Association (AAA), 66 American Association of University Professors (AAUP), 45n1, 46n6 Annual Meeting of Global Research Council, 207 Anthropological reflections on collaborative process absence of philosophers, 133–136 code of ethics, 136–137 ethical governance, 126–127 medicine, 131–133 reflecting on remaking of research ethics, 128–130 REG principles, 138 socio-historical differences, 139–140 Anthropological sensibility, 33 Anthropologists, 64 Anticipatory controls, 115 ARC/NHMRC funding, xviii Aristotelian analysis, 12 Articulating social science research ethics, 130 Association of Research Ethics Committees (AREC). See UK Association of Research Ethics (AfRE) ‘Atrocity tale’, 130 Autoethnography, xxv Autonomy, 63–64 Autonomy of individuals, 114–116 Awareness, xlvii Belmont principles, 24 Belmont Report, xv Benchmarks, 6–7 Big Data, xlii, 119 analyses, 178–179 Big Society, 14 Bioethicists, 133 Bioethics, 129, 130 principles of, 58 Biomedical ethics, 6 Biomedical models, 48, 112 Biomedical research, 40, 42, 140 frameworks, 62, 63 of research ethics, 131–132 Biomedical research ethics, 132–133, 137, 139 history of medicine’s unique capacity, 57 oldest rule in medical ethics, 56 ‘possibly public role’, 60 principle-based ethics for social sciences, 58 See also Social science research Biomedical researchers, 136 Biomedical sciences, 38 normative objectives of ethical regulation in, 39 powerful/knowledgeable position in, 42–43 Bottom-up process, 134 Boyd, Kenneth M., xlv, liii Brey, Philip, liii–liv British Humanities Index, xii British Library, 113 British Psychological Association, 163 British Psychological Society (BPS), xxxix British Sociological Association (BSA), xxxix, xlii Bureaucratic nature, 62 Canada’s research ethics policies, 70 Canadian experience develop standards for research practice, 104 governance of responsible conduct of research, 108 indigenous community, 106 questionable research practices, 107 TCPS, 2, 105 Canadian Institute of Health Research (CIHR), 66 Canadian research ethics boards, 106 Canadian Tri-Council Policy Statements (TCPS), xvi, xviii Carpenter, David, xliii, liv, 20, 51–52 Casuistry, 133 Caveat, 81 CECs. See Clinical Ethics Committees (CECs) CFRS recommended the establishment, 206 Charter, 202 CIHR. See Canadian Institute of Health Research (CIHR) Civil society organisations (CSOs), 192 Clinical Ethics Committees (CECs), 140 ‘Coalface’, xix Code, 163 Codification, 31 consequences of, 137 Codified principles, 137 CoIME Issues. See Committee on Conflict of Interests, Scientific Misconduct and Ethical Issues (CoIME Issues) Collaborative process, 134 Collegiality, 52 Colonisation process, 69 Colonizer and the Colonized, The (1965), 69 ‘Commitments’, 31 Committee on Conflict of Interests, Scientific Misconduct and Ethical Issues (CoIME Issues), 203 Committee on Freedom and Responsibility in Conduct of Science of International Council for Science, 205 Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), xvi, 216–217 Common good, 9, 24 Common principles, 113, 186, 207, 213 Communitarian principles deontology, 21–22 ESRC, 24–25 principlism, 20–21 research ethics principles, 20 social acceptability, 22–23 Communitarianism, 15–16 Competence, 52 Comprehensive literature reviews, xii, xiii, 79 Concordat to Support Research Integrity (2012), 79, 85, 97 Conference, xli group’s priorities after, xli–xliii Confidentiality, conceptions of, 67 Consensus, 80–82 Consequentialism, 10, 21 CONSIDER, xx Contemporary societies, 113 Corporate Social Responsibility standards (CSR standards), 193 Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences (CIOMS), xv, 191, 192 Council of EU Research Ministers, 203 Council of the European Union, the , 203 Creative arts, 114 CRID. See Research Centre on IT and Law–University of Namur (CRID) Cross-cultural research, xlii, 119 Cross-disciplinary principles, 5–6 CSOs. See Civil society organisations (CSOs) CSR standards. See Corporate Social Responsibility standards (CSR standards) Cultural difference/pluralism, respect for, 52 Danish Code of Conduct for Research Integrity, 205 ‘Datascapes’, 135 De-identification, 212 Declaration of Helsinki, 178–179 for World Medical Association, xv Democratic participation, 52 Deontology, 10, 21–22 DG. See Directorate General (DG) Dignity of individuals, 114–116 Dingwall, Robert, xxxviii, liv, 132 Directorate General (DG), 191 Information Society, 159, 169 Discrepancy of virtues, 70–72 Dissemination ethics, 217 Diversity of individuals, 114–116 Double effect, 46n3 E-research, xxv Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC), xvii–xviii, xxxvii, 24–25, 38, 127, 138, 159, 160 Framework for Research Ethics, 43, 144n4 Editorial advisory group, xxxi–xxxii EGE. See European Group on Ethics in Science and New Technologies (EGE) EHRC. See Equality and Human Rights Commission (EHRC) Embedded ethics, 31 ethical project, 30 ethics principles, 33–34 respect, 32–33 social science research, 31 up-front ethics, 31–32 Embracing codification, 140 Emmerich, Nathan, xlvi, liv–lv Empathy, 53 Equality and Human Rights Commission (EHRC), 218 ERC. See European Research Council (ERC) ERC Executive Agency (ERCEA), 202–203 ERC Scientific Council, 203 ERCEA. See ERC Executive Agency (ERCEA) ESF. See European Science Foundation (ESF) Ethical analysis, 6–7 assessment, 187–188, 213 boundaries, 200 decision-making, 49–51 guidance, 187–188, 213 guidelines, 159, 164–165, 169 implications, 53 issues, 129–130 principles, 49, 118, 216 regulation, 20, 24, 38 review, 5, 49–51, 152–153 Ethical Guidelines for International Comparative Social Science Research, 160 Ethical protocols and standards aims of workshop, 179–180 ‘Declaration of Helsinki’, 178–179 follow-up activities, 183–184 issues, 180–181 recommendations, 181–183 and social sciences research, 178 Ethics assessors, 188 across disciplines, xvi of ethics governance, 126 governance, 127 on ground and ethics templates, 68 of medical practice, 56 policies, 66 principles in social science research, 51 regimes, 62, 69 review, 118 Ethics assessment, 187–188 in scientific fields, 188–190 in types of organisations, 192–193 Ethics codes, 62 for ‘trust’ and ‘trustworthiness’, 71 of academic and professional societies, 73 Ethics rupture, 152, 212–213 ethics guidelines, 155 professional codes of ethical practice, 154 SRA ethics guidelines, 153 Ethics Rupture Summit, 172 Ethnography, 4, 31 sensibility, 33 Ethos, 136 EU. See European Union (EU) Eudaimonia, 13 Europe, safeguarding research integrity in initiatives at EU level, 201–205 international organizations, research integrity and, 205–207 Singapore Statement on Research Integrity, 200 European Anti-Fraud Office, 203 European Charter for Researchers , 202 European Code of Conduct for Research Integrity, 201–202, 204 European Commission (EC), xxix, 186, 191, 210n18, 213 Framework Programme, 159 European Federation of Academies of Sciences and of Humanities, 204 European Group on Ethics in Science and New Technologies (EGE), 191, 203 European Research Area (ERA), xix, 162 European Research Council (ERC), 179, 202 European Research Funding Organisations (RFO), 184n8 European Research Integrity Initiative, 204 European Research Performing Organisations (RPO), 184n8 European Research Values post-FP7, xx European Science Foundation (ESF), 201–202, 204, 205 European Standards of Social Science Research, 161–162 European Union (EU), 201 countries, 193–195 and global ethics assessment and guidance, 188–189, 190–192 Fabrication, 210n2 Far-reaching implications, 119–120 Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), xvi Finch, Dame Janet, 215 ‘Fluid social mediums’, 59, 60 Fostering Responsible Research, 206 Foundations for ethical research, xv–xxiv Framework for Research Ethics (FRE), xliii, 41, 131 sixth key principle, 46n7 Freedom of Information Act in UK, 43 Generalisation, 117 Generic ethics principles, 83, 104, 138 background, xxxvii–xxxviii basic standards, 83–84 conference, xli constructing principles, 8–9 cross-disciplinary principles, 5–6 ethical analysis, 6–7 group’s priorities after conference, xli–xliii initial work, xxxviii–xxxix Kantianism, 10–11 less contentious theories, 9 ongoing process, 83 prescriptive or non-restrictive principles and standards, 87–88 principlism, 7–8 prioritization, 14–15 regulatory function, 4–5 researcher virtues, 13–14 sample documents, 85–87 in social science research, 3–4 socio-political issue, 15–16 symposia, xxxix–xl virtues, 12–13 Generic principles, 136–138, 153 Global Ethics Code, xxi Global Research Council (GRC), xxx, xxxi Global Summit of National Bioethics Advisory Bodies, 192 Golden Rule of perspective-taking, xxvii Gorup, Meta, lv Government Social Research Unit and Department of Health, 160 h-index, xiv Hammersley, Martyn, xliii–xliv, lv Harmonisation, xxi, xxii Health Research Authority (HRA), xl Hemmings, Annette, 65, 72 Higher Education Funding Councils (HEFCE), xxxviii Hippocratic Oath, 56 HIVA. See Research Institute for Work and Society–University of Leuven (HIVA) Honesty, 25 Hoonaard, Will C. van den, xlv, lx, 202 Horizon, 2020, xxix, lvi, 172, 202–204 Human dignity, 105 Humility, 25 Hunter, Rosemary, xliv, lv–lvi Hybrid approach, 84 IES. See Institute for Employment Studies (IES) ‘Impact agenda’, 214–215 Impact assessment, 215 Imperialism, 127 Inclusiveness, 53 Independence, 52 Individual autonomy and dignity, 52 Information Society, 162 Information Society Technologies (IST), xvi Institute for Employment Studies (IES), 164 Institute for Information, Telecommunications and Media Law (ITM), 164 Institutional approach, 130 Institutional legitimacy, 112 Institutional Review Boards (IRBs), xviii–xix, xxii, 45n1, 152 Institutionalised approach, 130 Institutionalised medical research, 114 Integrity, xlvi–xlix, 52 Interagency Advisory Panel on Research Ethics, 106–107 Interdependence, 63–64 Interdisciplinary ethics, xlvi–xlix Interdisciplinary research, 162 International organizations, research integrity and, 205–207 International research, 159, 162 International Sociological Association (ISA), 160 Internet, xiv Internet-mediated research, xxvi Inverted totalitarianism, 65 Iphofen, Ron, xxxviii, xlvii, xlix, lvi ISA. See International Sociological Association (ISA) ITM. See Institute for Information, Telecommunications and Media Law (ITM) Jansen, Philip, lvi ‘Jobbing’ researchers, xiii–xiv Journalism, 115, 216 Kantianism, 10 Kritikos, Mihalis, xlvii, lvi–lvii Kudos, xiv Learned Societies, 3–4, 128, 129 Legal boundaries, 200 Legal partners, 164 Less contentious theories, 9 Lewis, Janet, xxxviii, lvii LinkedIn, xiv Lombardo, Gabi, xlvii, lvii Lower/middle-income countries (LMICs), xxiii MacDonald, Sharon, xliv, lvii, 52, 126–127 ‘Machinery’ for searching, xii Mandatory guidance, 89–90 Mandatory principles and standards, 88–91 ‘Marginalised’ communities, 215 Market research, 215 Mass media, 217–218 Medical model of ethical codes and ethics committees, 57–58 Medical research, 57 unspoken ethics of, 56–57 Medical Research Council, xvii Medical sociologist, 129 Medicine, 131–133 Member States, 204 Memorandum, 201 Mendeley, xiv, 121n8 Mental Capacity Act (2005), 121n8 Milgram’s experiments, 158 Model clauses for ethics codes, 122–123 Montreal Statement on Research Integrity in Cross-Boundary Research Collaborations, 206–207 Moral philosophy, 133 Morality, 9 Motherhood and apple pie, 117 National ethics committees (NECs), 192 National Ethics Councils Forum (NEC Forum), 191 National Institutes of Health (NIH), 138–139 National Research Ethics Service (NRES), 131 National Science Foundation (NSF), xxx National Statement on Ethical Conduct in Human Research (2007), xviii National Union of Journalists (NUJ), 160–161 Natural sciences, 132, 134 NEC Forum. See National Ethics Councils Forum (NEC Forum) NECs. See National ethics committees (NECs) New Brunswick Declaration, 153, 154–155 NIH. See National Institutes of Health (NIH) Non-EU countries, 193–195 Non-restrictive principles and standards, 87–88 Normative ethical theory, 5 Normative ethics, 32 Normative principles, 38 Normative social structure, 134 NRES. See National Research Ethics Service (NRES) NUCLEUS, xx NUJ. See National Union of Journalists (NUJ) Nuremburg Code (1947), xv, 43 Oates, John, xxxviii, lvii OLAF, 203 Ongoing process, 83, 92 Open-mindedness, 53 ‘Ordinary’ researchers, xiv Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), xxx, 191–192, 205 Osmosis theory of medical education, 56 PAR. See Participatory action research (PAR) Paradigmatic closure, xii Parry, James, lvii–lix Participant protection model (PPM), xl, xliv, 38–40, 48, 49–51, 114–115, 131 Participatory action research (PAR), 21 Patient protection model. See Participant protection model (PPM) Performance management, 112 Philosophers, 136 Philosophical approach, 136 Philosophical project, 133 Phronesis, 13 Plagiarism, 210n2 Pluralistic approach, 213 Popularisation, 216 Practical machinery, 64 Practitioners, 115 Preference satisfactions, 9 Prescriptive principles and standards, 87–88 primum non nocere (oldest rule in medical ethics), 56 Principle-based ethics for social sciences, 58 Principle-based medical ethics, 58 Principles of justice, 46n4 Principles of research integrity, 200 Principlism, 5, 6, 7–8, 20–21, 113 Principlism approach, 190 Privacy of individuals, 114–116 Professional ethics, 139 Professional researchers, 139–140 Professional standards, 164, 168, 170 Programming rules, 118 Promoting Integrity as Integral Dimension of Excellence in Research project (PRINTEGER project), xx, 172–173 Putative principles, 5 Quasi-legal phrase, 200 Questionable research practices, 82, 107 Questionnaire survey, 116 R&I. See Research and innovation (R&I) Rawlins, Sir Michael, xxxviii Rawlins Review, xxxviii Rawlsian notions, 15 RCR Framework. See Responsible Conduct of Research Framework (RCR Framework) REB. See Research Ethics Board (REB) REF. See Research Ethics Framework (REF); Research Excellence Framework (REF) Reflexivity, 48, 52 REG. See Research Ethics Group (REG) Remote communities, 215 Research, 7 assessment, 215–216 community, xxvi governance, 112, 118 misconduct, 200–201 organizations, 204 participants, 39, 48, 122 standards, 94–95 Research and innovation (R&I), 186, 187, 201 Research as social practice ethical decision-making, 49–51 ethical review, 49–51 PPM, 49–51 values, 51–53 Research Centre on IT and Law–University of Namur (CRID), 164 Research Councils UK (RCUK), xxxviii Research ethics, xvi, xxxii, 6, 25, 48, 80, 97–98, 112–113, 114, 127, 164, 168, 170, 173, 179, 182–183, 211–212 approach and treatment, xxv–xxvi COPE, 216–217 developments in ethics, 214 ethics rupture, 212–213 fourth key principle of ESRC’s Framework for, 43–44 impact agenda, 214–215 integrity in, 218 mass media, 217–218 principle of, 42 professionals, 138 recommendations, 218–221 research assessment, 215–216 SATORI Project, 213–214 and social sciences, xliii–xlvi Research Ethics Board (REB), 65 Research Ethics Committees (RECs), xxxii, 57, 128, 152, 192, 212 Research Ethics Framework (REF), 131 Research Ethics Group (REG), 126–128, 130 activities of, 136 principles, 138 purpose of, 134 Research ethics review process biomedical research, 74 colonised societies, 69 conceptions of confidentiality, 67 critique or affirmation of status quo, 65–66 differences between social and biomedical research, 63 discrepancy of virtues, 70–72 ethics committees, 72 ethics on ground and ethics templates, 68 policy makers, 73 principle of autonomy flies, 64 REBs, 66 social science paradigm, 62 Research Excellence Framework (REF), 215 Research Institute for Work and Society–University of Leuven (HIVA), 164 Research integrity, xvi, 32, 77–78, 97–98, 104, 120–121 ethical project, 30 ethics principles, 33–34 initiatives at EU level, 201–205 international organizations, research integrity and, 205–207 respect, 32–33 Singapore Statement on Research Integrity, 200 social science research, 31 United Kingdom issues of, 78 up-front ethics, 31–32 Research practice, developing standards for consensus, 80–82 generic ethics principles, 83–88 mandatory principles and standards, 88–91 relevance of standards for research, 94–97 research ethics, 97–98 research integrity, 78 research integrity, 97–98 self-evident, 80 standards for research, 91–94 UKRIO, 79–80 voluntary principles and standards, 88–91 Researcher/participant relationship conceptualisation, 42–44 Researchers, 48, 200 ‘jobbing’, xiii–xiv ‘ordinary’, xiv virtues, 13 ResearchGate, xiv RESPECT project, xvi, xvii, xix, xx, xxvii, xlvii, 158 balancing conflicting requirements, 165–167 DG Information Society, 159 dissemination and impact of project, 167 DG Information Society, 169 Europe-wide code, 168 Internet search in, 168–169 embarking on project, 162 European Standards of Social Science Research, 161–162 harmonising heterogeneous team, 164–165 idea surfaces, 160–161 professional standards guidelines, 171 publications in, 176 recent initiatives, 171–173 social scientists, 170 SRA, 160 ‘tick box’ approach, 170 See also SATORI project Responsible conduct of research, 200 global guide to, 2063 Responsible Conduct of Research Framework (RCR Framework), 105 Responsible research, principles for, 206 Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI), xx, 187 RFO. See European Research Funding Organisations (RFO) Rhode, Barbara, xix Rights, 6 Rodrigues, Rowena, lix Rousseau’s notion, 22 RPO. See European Research Performing Organisations (RPO) ‘Rule of As’, 56–57 Scandals, 78 Scientific community, 201 Scientific integrity, 77–78 Second World Conference on Research Integrity, 201–202 Seduction of Ethics, The , 151 Self-evident standards, 80 Seventh Framework Programme (FP7), xx, 186 Shelley-Egan, Clare, lix Singapore Statement on Research Integrity, 200, 206 Sixth framework programme (FP6), xix Sleat, Matt, xliv, lix–lx, 48, 56, 62, 131–132 argument, 50 SLSA. See Socio-Legal Studies Association (SLSA) Social ‘impact agenda’, 32 Social acceptability, 9, 22, 51–52 Social activity, 48 Social and political philosophy, 5 Social anthropological research, 30 Social Care Research Ethics Committee (SCREC), xl Social community, 72 Social good, 66 Social media, 119 Social research, 215 Social Research Association (SRA), xxxvii–xxxviii, xlii, 159, 160, 164 Social researchers, 63 Social responsibility, 52 Social science research, 82, 83, 158, 168, 170, 178 conceptualisation harm, 40–42 conceptualisation researcher/participant relationship, 42–44 ethics, 51, 127 European Standards of, 161–162 PPM, 38–40 in United Kingdom, 172 See also Biomedical research ethics Social science researcher, 122, 127 acknowledge their social responsibilities, 116–117 Social sciences, 32, 38, 62, 63, 65, 106, 116, 132, 215, 216 based on plurality of interests, funding, methods and perspectives, 114 carried out to highest degree of scientific integrity, 116 events history involvement in research ethics work, l-li maximise benefit and minimise harm, 117 principle-based ethics for, 58 research ethics and, xliii–xlvi research integrity in, 120–121 Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRCC), 152 Social scientific methodology, 62 Social scientific research, 136 Social scientists, 71, 80–81, 92, 112, 116, 117, 127–128, 129, 134, 139–140 Socialscapes, 135–136 Societal treatment of journalism, 114 Societies, 118, 120 Socio-Legal Studies Association (SLSA), 48, 128–129 Statement, 49, 53 Socio-political concepts, 5 Socioeconomic research, 161 Sociologists, 64–65, 70 Sociology, 129–130, 134–135 SSHRCC. See Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRCC) Stakeholders, 90 relationship with standards, 94 of UK’s Concordat to Support Research Integrity , 97 Stakeholders Acting Together On ethical impact assessment of Research and Innovation Project (SATORI Project), xxi–xxii, xlvii, 172, 186, 213–214 ethics assessment, 187–188, 193–195 in scientific fields, 189–190 in types of organisations, 192–193 ethics assessors, 188 EU and global ethics assessment and guidance, 190–192 phases, 186–187 SATORI D1., 1, 190–194 See also RESPECT project Standards for research practice, 91–94, 104 relevance of, 94–97 State legislatures, 118 Statements of principle, 112, 113, 207 Surveillance methods, application of, xxv Symposia, xxxix–xl, 120 Symposium on Generic Ethics Principles in London (2013), 62 ‘Thick’ moral arguments, xxviii ‘Thin’ moral arguments, xxviii ‘Tick box’ approach, 170 ‘Top-down’ approach, 30 Transparency, 52 Tri-Council model, 118 Tri-Council Policy Statement: Ethical Conduct for Research Involving Humans (TCPS 2), xlvi, 65, 74n5, 74, 105 Trust, 53 Trustworthiness, symbols of, 56 2015 Workshop (Science Europe), xxii–xxiii UK Academy of Social Sciences, xxxvii UK Association of Research Ethics (AfRE), xxxviii, 118 UK Council for Science and Technology (CST), xxviii UK Government Social Research Unit (GSRU), xvii UK Learned Societies, 137 UK Research Integrity Office (UKRIO), xl, xlv, 79–80, 138 UN. See United Nations (UN) Un-or under-disclosed research, 129 Uniform Law Commission, 118 United Nations (UN), 191–192 United Nations Educational, and Cultural Organisation xxx, 191–192 Ethical Code for xxviii research ethics codes, UK xxxviii, xl ethics, 31–32 National Research Council, 118 9 49, 51–53 between and, , 135 ethics, xlii, 33 62 discrepancy of, 70–72 researcher, 119–120 guidance, principles and standards, 88–91 Working Group, xxxviii, 113, 120–121 World on Research Integrity World Health 192 World Science xxx World xiv of research and social good, 66 158 lx, 118 Research Ethics and the Social Sciences The for Generic Ethics Principles in Social Science Research Communitarian Principles Will the by Ethical to for Generic Ethics Principles in Social Science by Embedded Ethics and Research to for Generic Ethics Principles in Social Science by Responsible to to and Society in Social Science Research Research as Social to to to and Society in Social Science by the Biomedical Research Ethics Model for Social to to to and Society in Social Science by in with The Research Ethics Review Standards for Research Issues for The Canadian to Standards for Research Issues for by Common Principles for Social Science Research for the Academy of Social Sciences Research Ethics in the Social Anthropological on Collaborative The International Interdisciplinary Ethics and Integrity The and the New Brunswick Declaration The Project in the and of International Professional and Ethics Guidelines for Social Science Research The Social Sciences and Ethical and Standards for Research in Social Sciences The Ethical of Research and Innovation on the State of the on of the SATORI Research Integrity in of Legal Consensus in Research and

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