Comparison Between Heidler Function and the Pulse Function for Modeling the Lightning Return-Stroke Current
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
In the past, many functions were considered for simulating the lightning return-stroke current. Some of these functions were found to have problems related to their discontinuities or the discontinuities of their derivatives at onset time. Such problems appear in the double exponential function and its modifications. However, other functions like the Pulse function and Heidler function do not suffer from such problems. One of the main objectives of this work is to simulate the lightning return-stroke current full wave, including the decay part, using either Heidler function or the Pulse function. This work is not only necessary for the evaluation and development of lightning return-stroke modeling, but also for the calculation of the lightning current waveform parameters. Although the lightning return-stroke current, measured at the CN Tower, is simulated using the Pulse function and Heidler function, the simulation of the CN Tower lightning current derivative signal is considered using the derivative of the Pulse and Heidler functions. First, we build a modeling environment for each function, which can be described as parameter estimation system. This system, which represents an automated approach for estimating the analytical parameters of a given function, is capable to best fit the function with the measured data. Using these analytical parameters transforms the discrete data into a continuous signal, from which the current waveform parameters can be estimated. This analytical parameters estimation system is recognized as a curve fitting system. For curve fitting technique, the initial value of each analytical parameter and its feasible region, where the optimal value of this analytical parameter is located, must be specified. The more accurate the initial point is the easier and faster the optimal value can be estimated. On choosing the best approach of the initial condition, which gives the nearest location to the optimal point, applying the estimation system and achieving the analytical model that fits the CN Tower measured current derivative, the current waveform parameters can be easily studied. In order to be sure that the analytical parameter extraction system gives the best fit of a function, it needs to be evaluated. Instead of going through the measured data, we first use artificial digital data as a productive way to evaluate the system. Also, a comparison between both the Pulse and Heidler functions is performed. The described fitting process is applied on 15 flashes, containing 31 return strokes. The calculated current waveform parameters were used to form statistics to determine the probability distribution of the value of each parameter, including the range and the 50% probability level, which is fundamental in building lightning protection systems.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».