Produced Water Impact Monitoring in the Norwegian Sector of the North Sea: Overview of Water Column Surveys in the Three Major Regions

Produced Water Impact Monitoring In The Norwegian Sector Of The North Sea: Overview Of Water Column Surveys In The Three Major Regions Gregory Durell; Gregory Durell Battelle Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Scholar Ståle Johnsen; Ståle Johnsen Statoil Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Scholar Toril Røe-Utvik; Toril Røe-Utvik Norsk Hydro Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Scholar Tone Frost; Tone Frost Statoil Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Scholar Jerry Neff Jerry Neff Battelle Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Scholar Paper presented at the SPE International Conference on Health, Safety, and Environment in Oil and Gas Exploration and Production, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, March 2004. Paper Number: SPE-86800-MS https://doi.org/10.2118/86800-MS Published: March 29 2004 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Get Permissions Search Site Citation Durell, Gregory, Johnsen, Ståle, Røe-Utvik, Toril, Frost, Tone, and Jerry Neff. "Produced Water Impact Monitoring In The Norwegian Sector Of The North Sea: Overview Of Water Column Surveys In The Three Major Regions." Paper presented at the SPE International Conference on Health, Safety, and Environment in Oil and Gas Exploration and Production, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, March 2004. doi: https://doi.org/10.2118/86800-MS Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll ProceedingsSociety of Petroleum Engineers (SPE)SPE International Conference and Exhibition on Health, Safety, Environment, and Sustainability Search Advanced Search AbstractThe Norwegian Pollution Control Authorities (SFT) have since 1999 required environmental monitoring of the water column by the oil companies operating in the Norwegian Sector of the North Sea, in addition to discharge monitoring. Field-based monitoring projects have been conducted in three major production areas to assess the potential impact of produced water discharge; the Tampen, Ekofisk, and Sleipner Regions. The work focuses on contaminants that may bioaccumulate and/or cause toxic effects, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and metals. The fate and effects of the contaminants are determined using field-based techniques and through modeling. The results from the two approaches are used for model validation, and to refine the model and field assessment techniques. The model is also used to develop the Environmental Impact Factor (EIF) for each discharge; the EIF is a risk-based tool used to manage produced water discharges in Norway.Specialized sampling and analytical techniques have been employed to measure contaminants in the sea near and distant to discharges, and to determine potential ecological risk. This has involved deploying caged mussels and semi-permeable membrane devices (SPMDs) at 10–15 sites in each region; mussels and SPMDs concentrate and integrate contaminants in the water, and are used to determine bioaccumulation, critical body burden, and to calculate water-column concentrations. Contaminant concentrations and potential effects have also been determined with dispersion and risk modeling, using discharge data and site-specific environmental information. Results from both approaches to determining contaminant loadings, fate, and potential risk are presented and compared.IntroductionProduced water is usually the largest volume of waste generated from offshore oil and gas production facilities. Discharge of produced water to the North Sea is approximately 400 million m3/year, roughly one-third of which is discharged in the Norwegian sector (1). Produced water discharge has received increased attention due to the potential ecological risks presented by some of the chemicals present in the waste. Discharge limitations and requirements have been promulgated by the Norwegian Pollution Control Authorities (SFT) to protect the local receiving environment and resources from harm. The environmental management requirements include monitoring the fate and effects of potentially harmful contaminants discharged to the sea, and the development of a strategy to continually reduce any identifiable harmful discharge. The oil industry operating in the Norwegian sector has therefore conducted field-based water column monitoring in the largest oil and gas production regions, and has concurrently funded the development of a model to predict the fate and effects of produced water originating contaminants at sea. The field-based information is used to understand the actual situation, and to validate and calibrate the model.Regulations limit the concentration of total petroleum hydrocarbons to 40 mg/L in produced water discharge in the Norwegian sector of the North Sea. However, it is widely recognized that total petroleum hydrocarbons alone may not adequately represent the potential environmental impact of produced water (2). An issue that has received special attention recently in environmental impact assessments of offshore oil and gas operations is the potential for bioaccumulation of the major produced water chemicals in marine organisms. Bioaccumulation is the uptake and retention of bioavailable chemicals from all possible external sources (water, food, substrate, air). Only bioavailable compounds can be accumulated by marine organisms (3–4). A chemical is bioavailable if it is in a form that can move through or bind to the surface tissue of an organism. Chemicals are present in produced water in a variety of forms, only some of which are bioavailable. For bioaccumulation to occur, the rate of uptake of a chemical must be greater than its rate of loss by active and passive means from the organism. Keywords: naphthalene, spmd, hydrocarbon, north sea, contaminant, artificial intelligence, concentration, contaminant concentration, bioaccumulation, machine learning Subjects: Environment, Water use, produced water discharge and disposal This content is only available via PDF. 2004. Society of Petroleum Engineers You can access this article if you purchase or spend a download.

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