Smoking Cessation Interventions in Native Americans, a Systematic Review
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Introduction:According to the Centers for Disease Control, tobacco use is highest among adult Native Americans (NA) at 33.9% and contributes to numerous health disparities. The cultural significance of tobacco for NA creates dissonance with conventional smoking cessation interventions. Development of culturally adapted smoking cessation interventions has sought to address these issues. Our objective was to systematically review the available literature to identify effective components of conventional and/or culturally-adapted smoking cessation interventions in adult NA.Methods:With an expert research librarian, we designed a comprehensive search strategy from 2010 to 2020. We included observational or clinical trials in French or English using pharmaceutical, behavioral, or complex interventions to achieve smoking cessation in NA. Retrieved studies were first reviewed independently and in duplicate for eligibility by title and abstract and then subsequently by full text. Disagreements were resolved by a third reviewer. Quality and study characteristics were abstracted. Quality assessment of randomized control trials (RCT) was conducted using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool; cohort studies were assessed with the Newcastle Ottawa Scale. Outcomes included tobacco cessation, NA study personnel, community engagement, use of pharmaceutical agents, and cultural tailoring. Meta-analysis was planned as possible when two or more studies used comparable interventions.Results:Our search returned 429 articles, with 70 potential articles following abstract review. Ultimately, nine studies including four cohort studies and five RCT were included in final analysis. Cohen's kappa coefficient was 0.892, indicating excellent agreement. Interventions utilized included nicotine replacement therapy, counseling, phone follow-up, text messaging, webbased interventions, use of NA study personnel, and cultural component. Quality limitations included small sample sizes and significant loss to follow-up in most studies. Study interventions were heterogeneous and therefore meta-analysis was not performed. Biochemically verified, statistically significant smoking cessation was not achieved in any study. Conducting interventions in collaboration with community members was associated with cessation. A study utilizing case managers resulted in significant tobacco cessation as a secondary outcome.Conclusions:There is limited evidence describing smoking cessation interventions targeted for NA. Although most studies did not reach significance for primary outcome, self-reported tobacco cessation was achieved as a secondary outcome with several common themes. Providing a smoking cessation aid such as nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) in conjunction with another type of intervention was associated with cessation.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,012 | 0,048 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,002 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,010 | 0,008 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,013 | 0,011 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Communication savante | 0,003 | 0,003 |
| Science ouverte | 0,002 | 0,001 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,002 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,005 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».