Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Abstract Predicting the performance of in-situ recovery processes in the McMurray Formation is required to optimize development planning and resource management. These performance predictions are sensitive to many parameters; however, vertical permeability is perhaps the most critical geological parameter. There are many challenges associated with the estimation of vertical permeability:it is difficult to collect representative core measurements,the high viscosity of the bitumen makes it impossible to perform well testing,statistical approaches and the notion of representative elementary volumes (REVs) are challenged by heterogeneities at all scales, andthe nature of the heterogeneities is variable within different depositional environments. This paper summarizes these challenges, then presents a consistent numerical modeling framework based on core data, core photographs, conventional well logs, high resolution image logs and detailed geological interpretation. The framework includes: dividing the stratigraphic column into facies with similar spatial arrangement of sand/shale, constructing high resolution models of sand/shale, assigning porosity and permeability to sand/shale, calibrating the models to direct measurements, solving for effective horizontal and vertical permeability at the appropriate scale and transferring the results to geomodeling. This framework is described in detail and demonstrated with illustrative examples. Considerations for even better results are discussed. Introduction The McMurray Formation contains a vast resource of heavy oil. The economic production of this heavy oil often makes use of thermal processes to reduce viscosity and horizontal wells that have a large contact area with the formation. Steam is often injected to introduce thermal energy. The rates of steam rise and water/oil drainage are predicted by flow simulation. A critical input parameter in that flow simulation is the vertical permeability. Accurate prediction of fluid flow would permit optimization of the recovery process and operating parameters; thus, accurate estimation of vertical permeability is of great interest in the McMurray formation. The ability of the reservoir formation to transmit fluids (permeability) has a large affect on the reservoir response for given operating conditions. Permeability is a constant that relates the flow rate through a porous medium to an imposed pressure gradient. Small scale variations in the clastic deposits of the McMurray cause permeability to be variable and direction dependent. Permeability in the vertical direction is of primary concern because operators are concerned with (1) the rise of steam through the formation, (2) the possible escape of steam and thermal energy to overlying formations, and (3) the rates at which condensed water and oil will drain to horizontal production wells. This paper is concerned with absolute vertical permeability. There are important confounding effects that are not considered such as changes to permeability because of multiple fluids present in the formation and changes to permeability because of time varying geomechanical effects. This paper is primarily concerned with the influence of small scale geological heterogeneities on the estimation of vertical permeability. The challenges that make the reliable estimation of vertical permeability will be reviewed. Historical approaches to permeability estimation will be summarized.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».