Numerical Modelling of Cuttings Transport in Horizontal Wells Using Conventional Drilling Fluids
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Abstract A one dimensional transient mechanistic model of cuttings transport with conventional (incompressible) drilling fluids in horizontal wells has been developed. The model is solved numerically to predict cuttings bet height as a function of drilling fluid flow rate and rheological characteristics (n, K), drilling rates, wellbore geometry and drillpipe eccentricity. The results of the sensitivity analysis showing the effects of various drilling operational parameters on the efficiency of solids transport are presented. The model developed in this study can be used to develop computer programs for practical design purposes to determine optimum drilling fluid rheology (n,K) and flow rates required for drilling horizontal wells. Introduction Poor hole cleaning can lead to pipe sticking, higher drag and torque, slower rate of penetration, formation fractures and wellbore steering problem1. It has been estimated that one third of stuck pipe problems are due to inadequate hole cleaning2. Azar and Sanchez3 presented a comprehensive review of the factors that affect cuttings transport and listed drilling fluid rheology, flow rate, annular eccentricity, drillstring rotation and drilling rate as the most important ones. Iyoho4 presented some extensive experimental results on the cuttings transport performances in directional wells. He found that the major factors affecting cuttings transport are drilling fluid velocity, inclination angle, drilling fluid viscosity and drilling rate. Specifically, it was observed that the increase of hole angle or drilling rate had negative effect on cuttings transport, while higher drilling fluid viscosity was more favorable than the lower drilling fluid viscosity for cuttings transport within the same flow regime, and annular eccentricity had moderate effect although the concentric annulus provided the best transport performance. Larsen5 confirmed Iyoho's results by concluding that the angle of inclination and drilling fluid flow rate had the most significant effect on hole cleaning. Tomren et al. 6 extended the Iyoho's work and found that concentric annulus yields maximum efficiency of cuttings transport for inclined holes. They also determined that, in inclined annulus, cuttings bed formation in high viscosity drilling fluid was slower than that of in low viscosity drilling fluid in laminar flow. Okrajni and Azar7 particularly investigated the effects of drilling fluid rheology on hole cleaning in directional wells. The drilling fluids with yield values in the range of 0 to 9.6 Pa (0 to 20 lbf/100 ft2) and with three values of YP/PV ratio (0.5, 1.0 and 2) were used in the tests. Investigations revealed that drilling fluid rheological properties (yield value and YP/PV ratio) generally did not affect the cuttings transport under turbulent regime although the drilling fluid with higher yield value resulted in better cuttings transport under laminar flow regime. The trends observed were identical for both the bederosion (annulus-cleaning) and cuttings transport experiments. An experimental study of drilled cuttings transport in inclined boreholes by Ford et al. 8 found that cuttings were removed by two distinct mechanisms including rolling/sliding and transport in suspension. Seven slurry flow patterns were observed including homogeneous suspension, heterogeneous suspension, suspension/saltation, sand cluster, separated moving bed (dunes), continuous moving bed and stationary bed.
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Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».