Analysis of Sand Production in Unconsolidated Oil Sand Using a Coupled Erosional-Stress-Deformation Model
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Abstract The paper presents a sand production model for a deforming oil sand matrix. The deformability of the oil sand matrix is an important issue given that in-situ and well pumping induced stresses impact on the susceptibility of the oil sand to produce sand. The sand production model is formulated in a consistent manner within the framework of mixture theory with the porosity as one of the main field state variables. The latter is split into two parts: one related to volume changes as a result of erosion in the oil sand matrix, and the other one due to deformations in the matrix subjected to a stress field. The coupling of the erosion model to a stress model is made through bulk volumetric strains. Also the erosion constitutive law is intimately tied with material strengths that enter the stress model. Finally, some numerical examples of sand production restricted to a rigid matrix are given in the interim to illustrate the proposed framework, pending completion of the finite element implementation of coupled stress-erosional model Introduction Sand production during hydrocarbon production in oil wells is both a costly and prevalent phenomenon that is not well understood. Consequently, sand production and control has been a research topic for more than five decades. From a mechanistic viewpoint, sand production emanates from the progressive disaggregation of the poorly consolidated formation due to, many factors-notably, stresses, fluid flow, thermal, solution gas drive and reservoir heterogeneity in porosity. Once initiated, sand production can be progressive and may strike at varying degrees of severity ranging from erosion and plugging of pumps, valves and pipes, to the development of large cavities or wormhole-like structures in the formation resulting into damage and casing collapse. A review of sand production issues together with the development of a model describing the erosion of sand grains in a rigid oil sand matrix were recently presented in Wan and Wang (2000)[1]. In this paper, the model is further developed with the constraint of rigid matrix removed so that both stress and strength characteristics enter formally into the formulation. It is well recognized that in-situ stresses as well as those induced during drilling impact on sand production. In this paper, a framework that considers the rigorous coupling between stress/deformations and erosion is proposed within the continuum theory of mixtures[2]. Such consistent coupling is scare in the current literature, except for the work of Stavropoulou et. al. (1998) [3] in which the coupling between skeleton deformations and fluid transport was formulated in a not consistent manner. MODEL DESCRIPTION Fig. 1 illustrates the mechanics of sand production around a wellbore with sand grains being dislodged from the oil sand matrix. From a mechanistic point of view, sand production emerges as a result of an instability occurring in a viscous fluid saturated porous medium that undergoes mechanical deformation in the presence of fluid fluxes. This condition can be described within a three-phase system in which solid (s), fluid (f), and fluidized fluid (ff) interact.
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Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,003 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».