Index

Citation (2017), "Index", World Agricultural Resources and Food Security (Frontiers of Economics and Globalization, Vol. 17), Emerald Publishing Limited, Bingley, pp. 289-308. https://doi.org/10.1108/S1574-871520170000017019 Publisher: Emerald Publishing Limited Copyright © 2017 Emerald Publishing Limited INDEX A&O. See Administration and Operations (A&O) Abiotic inducers, 116 Abscisic acid, 116 Access(ibility), 2, 38 Acibenzolar-S-methyl, 116 ACRE program. See Average Crop Revenue Election program (ACRE program) Acreage reduction, 40–41 Adaptations of agriculture, 75 autonomous, 75–76 crop systems, 76–77 fisheries and aquaculture systems, 78 livestock systems, 77–78 Administration and Operations (A&O), 129 Aggregation, 281 Agroclimate.org, 88–89 Agricultural R&D investments, 2 absolute increase in total caloric consumption, 12 annual growth of agrifood prices, 10 of agrifood production volume, 9 of land-augmenting technical change, 8 cumulative R&D investments, 12 food-security dimensions, 2 land productivity, 7–8 methodology incorporation of R&D-driven technical change, 4–5 MAGNET model, 3 scenarios, 5–7 ratio of unskilled wages, 11 regions, production sectors, and periods applied, 17 Agricultural risk coverage (ARC), 127 Agricultural/agriculture, 70, 91–92, 93 adaptations, 75 autonomous adaptation, 75–76 crop systems, 76–77 fisheries and aquaculture systems, 78 livestock systems, 77–78 agricultural-insurance programs, 129–130 biotechnology assessment of three regional trade agreements, 196–200 limits of, 200–203 Malthusian Trap, 192–193 multilateral trading system, 193–194 potential for biotechnology to increase agricultural productivity, 194–196 crops, 105 policy, 3 productivity, 2, 192–193 Agrifood annual growth of agrifood production volume, 9 prices, 9, 10 production, 8 Agroclimate.org, 88–89 Agronomic advances, 149–150 Almost ideal demand systems model (AIDS model), 183 American Society of Sugar Cane Technologists (ASSCT), 146 Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS), 36 Animal food system, seafood in, 164 annual growth rates for animal-production categories, 165 environmental issues, 168–169 seafood trade, 166–167 Animal protein, 165–166 Annual growth of agrifood prices, 10 of agrifood production volume, 9 of land-augmenting technical change, 8 Anthracnose, 110 Antibiotic use, 169 Aphids, 111 APHIS. See Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) Aphis gossypii , 111 Aquaculture, 159 global production of seafood, 160 seafood in animal food system, 164–169 production, 161–164 systems, 78 Aquatic animal protein, 165 AR5. See Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) ARC. See Agricultural risk coverage (ARC) Army worm (Spodoptera litura), 111, 114 ASSCT. See American Society of Sugar Cane Technologists (ASSCT) ATE. See Average treatment effect (ATE) ATT. See Average Treatment Effect on the Treated (ATT) Autonomous adaptation, 75–76 Availability dimensions of food security, 38 food-security dimension, 2 Average Crop Revenue Election program (ACRE program), 131 Average per-capita market demand, 211 Average treatment effect (ATE), 246 Average Treatment Effect on the Treated (ATT), 246–247 Azadirachta indica. See Neem (Azadirachta indica) Azuki beans (Vigna angularis), 106 Bacillus thuringiensis-based biopesticides, 114 Bactrocera cucurbitae. See Melon fly (Bactrocera cucurbitae) Bactrocera dorsalis. See Oriental fruit fly (Bactrocera dorsalis) Bagasse, 147 Bangladesh, food security in rural data and descriptive statistics, 248–250 economic impacts, 242–243 empirical methodology, 245–248 and measurement, 243–245 results and discussion, 251–253 See also Ethiopia, food security in Bangladeshi Taka (BDT), 249–250 Barrier crops, 114 BDT. See Bangladeshi Taka (BDT) Beet-sugar yields price impact of increasing, 43–44 quantitative example of increasing, 45–46 Bemisia tabaci. See Whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) Biodiversity, 279–280 Biofuel(s), 136 policy, 3 production, 262 Biomass-based diesel, 136 Biopesticides, 114 Biosafety Protocol (BSP), 200 Biotechnology, 38, 193–194 dimensions of food security, 37–38 food security through, 35 GM crop adoption in United States, 36 interface between GM crop adoption and demand, 46–48 potential for biotechnology to increasing agricultural productivity, 194–196 price impact of increasing beet-sugar yields, 43–44 quantitative example of increasing beet-sugar yields, 45–46 theoretical framework, 38 fixed sugar-beet acreage and constant beet-sugar demand, 40–42 fixed sugar-beet acreage and reduced beet-sugar demand, 43 impact of GM sugar beet adoption, 39 reduced sugar-beet acreage and constant beet-sugar demand, 40 reduced sugar-beet acreage and decreased beet-sugar demand, 42–43 US sugar beet area, yield, and production, 37 See also Genetically modified organism (GMO) Black gram (Vigna mungo), 106 Blight pathogen (Phytophthora capsici), 110–111 BSP. See Biosafety Protocol (BSP) Calibration approach, 212 California Air Resources Board (CARB), 55 Canada, 137, 180, 196–197, 199 Canada-EU Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA), 194 Cane sugar, 38, 39, 42, 43 Florida and Louisiana, 455 increased demand for, 42 non-GM, 43 production and yield in Florida and Louisiana, 146 US, 40, 47, 49 Capsicum chinense , 115 CARB. See California Air Resources Board (CARB) Carbon dioxide (CO2), 69, 109 Carbon footprint, 54, 169 of aquaculture production, 169 calculators, 88 Cargill, 152, 153 Carp, 162, 163, 170 Cash crops, 133 Cassava leaves (Manihot esculenta), 106 Cassava price, 261, 267 CBO. See Congressional Budget Office (CBO) CCP. See Countercyclical Payments Program (CCP) CDC. See Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Cellulosic biofuels, 136 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 176 CES production. See Constant elasticity of substitution production (CES production) CETA. See Canada-EU Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA); Comprehensive Economic Trade Agreement (CETA) CGE model. See Computable general equilibrium model (CGE model) Children, 20, 21, 23, 87, 226 China, 6, 30, 53, 72, 108, 163, 195, 276 CIA. See Conditional independence assumption (CIA) Climate change, 2, 70, 86, 90, 105, 109 and CO2 , 70–72 future research, 80 infrastructure, 79–80 R&D, 79 variables, 109 vegetable diseases and insect pests, 109 fungal diseases, 110–111 insect pests, 111–112 sustainable disease and insect pest management approaches, 112–116 Coastal flooding, 97, 98 Codex. See Codex Alimentarius Commission (Codex) Codex Alimentarius Commission (Codex), 202–203 Coffee-food security interface for subsistence households empirical analysis classification table, 229 descriptive statistics of sample, 224–225 household characteristics, 226 Logit analysis, 229–231 mean comparison between food-secure and food-insecure households, 225–228 test of equal means, 227–228 variable in logit food storage equation, 229 in Jimma Zone Ethiopia, 221 Logit analysis, 229–231 OCFCU, 222 survey instrument, 223–224 Colletotrichum acutatum , 115 Colletotrichum scovillei , 115 Colletotrsichum spp., 110, 115–116 Common bean (Phaseolus), 106 Compliance costs, 175, 177, 179, 181 Comprehensive Economic Trade Agreement (CETA), 196–197, 199 Computable general equilibrium model (CGE model), 2, 55 Conditional independence assumption (CIA), 247 Congressional Budget Office (CBO), 127 Congressional Research Service (CRS), 127 Conservation policy, 134–135 Conservation Reserve Program (CRP), 128 Conservation Stewardship Program (CSP), 128 Constant elasticity of substitution production (CES production), 4 Consumer price index (CPIs), 212 Consumer wealth, 163–164 Contaminated food, 176 Conventional biofuel, 136 Cooking oil prices, 270–271 Countercyclical Payments Program (CCP), 131 Covered farms, 178–179, 182 Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), 106 CPIs. See Consumer price index (CPIs) Crop pests and diseases, 105 plants, 110 production, 196 systems, 76–77 Cropping systems, 72, 106 CRP. See Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) CRS. See Congressional Research Service (CRS) CSP. See Conservation Stewardship Program (CSP) Cultural practices, 112, 114 Curative measures, 112 Dairy, 17, 21, 24, 267, 283 farms, 127 fat-free or low-fat, 27 supplies, 28 U.S. dairy industry, 133 Dairy margin protection program (DMPP), 127 Dar es Salaam (DSM), 264–265 Data statistics, 248–250 “Dead-end” trap crop, 114 Deficiency of nutrition, 20 Delta Sky, 152–153 Demand system specification, 210–212 Demographic variables, 251 Descriptive statistics of sample, 224–225 DGAC. See Dietary Guideline Advisory Committee (DGAC) Diadegma semiclausum , 114 Diadromus collaris , 114 Diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella), 111 Diet diversity, 243, 248–249, 252 Diet-related diseases, 104 Dietary diversity, 2 Dietary Goals for United States (1977), 23 Dietary Guideline Advisory Committee (DGAC), 29 Dietary Guidelines, 28 in United States, 21 basic seven (1943–1956), 22 “Food Guide Pyramid”, 23, 24 Harvard’s healthy eating pyramid, 25 USDHHS, 27 beyond United States, 30 Disaster-aid programs, 129–130 Diverse cropping systems, 106 DMPP. See Dairy margin protection program (DMPP) Domestic agricultural sector, 6 Domestic food markets, 260–261 Domestic retail-food prices, 261–262 Domestic sugar-beet industry, 39 Dominant leaf curl Taiwan virus, 111 Drought, 87 DSM. See Dar es Salaam (DSM) Economic costs, 283 distribution of benefits, 195–196 impacts, 242–243, 277–278, 279 theory, 200 welfare, 20, 57–58 Economic Research Service of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA/ERS), 208 Eggplant fruit, 113 EISA. See Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA) El Niño/Southern Oscillation phases (ENSO phases), 72, 87 Elasticity of average demand, 212 Empirical methodology, 245–248 Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA), 136 ENSO phases. See El Niño/Southern Oscillation phases (ENSO phases) Environmental environmentally sustainable dietary guidelines, 29 impact of FLW, 277–278, 279 issues, 168–169 Environmental Quality Incentives Program (EQIP), 128 EPA. See United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) EQIP. See Environmental Quality Incentives Program (EQIP) Erysiphe cichoracearum , 113 Ethiopia, food security in food price shocks and their impacts, 215–217 IFSA model, 209 model framework demand system specification, 210–212 food-security indicators, 214–215 model calibration, 212–214 quality in food demand, 209–210 quality scaling, 214 See also Bangladesh, food security in rural EU FUSIONS. See Food Use for Social Innovation by Optimizing Waste Prevention Strategies (EU FUSIONS) EUFIC. See European Food Information Council (EUFIC) European Commission, 30 European Commission Resource Efficiency Roadmap, 276 European Food Information Council (EUFIC), 30 European Food Safety Authority, 30 European Union (EU), 6, 194, 223 Evapotranspiration, 94 Ex-ante evaluation, 245 Ex-post-impact evaluation, 245 Extreme events, 86 FAO. See Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) FAOSTAT. See Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Statistics (FAOSTAT) Farm Bill (2014), 126–127, 131–133, 137 Farm Service Agency (FSA), 128 Farmers, 10, 133, 152, 179, 194, 283 dairy, 133 educating, 284 strawberry farmers, 89 to plant crops, 130 seafood, 160 smallholder, 105, 221 U.S. dairy industry, 133 Farms, 177–178 FLW at farm level, 283–284 increasing in farm size, 152 FBS. See Food Balance Sheets (FBS) FCS. See Food consumption score (FCS) FDA. See United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Federal crop-insurance program, 130, 134 Fifth Assessment Report (AR5), 95 Filter-feeding species, 169 Fish, 163, 165, 265, 268 Fisheries, 69, 74, 78, 161, 166, 168 “Fishmeal trap”, 168 Fixed production, 46 Fixed sugar-beet acreage, 46 and constant beet-sugar demand, 40–42 and reduced beet-sugar demand, 43 Florida, sugarcane industry in ASSCT, 146–147 Florida sugarcane yields, 147–149 genetic contribution, 149–150 See also Louisiana, sugarcane industry in Florida’s agriculture, 86 Agroclimate.org, 88–89 ENSO, 89 food security, 86–87 Paris climate agreement impact for, 99 SECC, 87–88 secular trends in Florida’s climate, 91–94 SLR, 94–99 FLW. See Food loss and waste (FLW) Food access, 74–75 accessibility, 245 banks, 192 categories, 252 chain, 281 costs, 54, 260 demand quality, 209–210 food-basket costs, 266–267, 270 food-crop related commodities, 135 food-insecure households, 225–228 food-safety, 176 food-secure households, 225–228 gap, 209 grains, 213, 262 insecurity, 126, 135, 243 items, 248 loss, 277 nutrition, and health, 23 outlook, 75 preferences, 163–164 prices, 60, 213, 215–217, 259–260 production, 2, 72–74 retailer, 284–285 tracker, 26 waste, 277 Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2, 30, 38, 86, 106, 160, 213, 244–245, 260, 262, 276–277 Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Statistics (FAOSTAT), 160, 265 Food and Nutrition Board (1941), 21 Food Balance Sheets (FBS), 213 Food consumption score (FCS), 245 “Food Guide Pyramid”, 23, 24 Food loss and waste (FLW), 276 contribution of FLW to food security objectives, 278–279 and efficiency of resource use, 279 further research, 282 HLPE, 277 methods for quantification, 280–281 policies to reduce FLW in value chain, 283–286 policy activities, 282–283 and sustainability, 279–280 Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA), 177–179 estimated market prices of fresh tomatoes under, 181–182 estimated profits changes for fresh-tomato producers after, 182 Cournot price elasticities, 183 percentage change in profits, 186 percentage change in quantity, 184 percentage change in revenues, 185 US producers with small farms, 187 Food security, 2, 19–20, 70, 86–87, 160, 163, 192–193, 262, 277–278 through biotechnology, 35 contaminated food, 176 contribution of FLW to food security objectives, 278–279 dimensions of food security, 37–38 estimated market prices of fresh tomatoes under FSMA, 181–182 estimated profits changes for fresh-tomato producers after FSMA, 182–187 in Ethiopia, 207 food price shocks and their impacts, 215–217 FSMA, 177–179 GM crop adoption in United States, 36 IFSA model, 209 implications and findings, 72 food access, 74–75 food outlook, 75 food production, 72–74 indicators, 214–215, 246 interface between GM crop adoption and demand, 46–48 international trade, 78–79 method and data, 180–181 model framework demand system specification, 210–212 food-security indicators, 214–215 model calibration, 212–214 quality in food demand, 209–210 quality scaling, 214 price impact of increasing beet-sugar yields, 43–44 quantitative example of increasing beet-sugar yields, 45–46 R&D, 79 in rural Bangladesh data and descriptive statistics, 248–250 economic impacts, 242–243 empirical methodology, 245–248 and measurement, 243–245 results and discussion, 251–253 theoretical framework, 38 fixed sugar-beet acreage and constant beet-sugar demand, 40–42 fixed sugar-beet acreage and reduced beet-sugar demand, 43 impact of GM sugar beet adoption, 39 reduced sugar-beet acreage and constant beet-sugar demand, 40 reduced sugar-beet acreage and decreased beet-sugar demand, 42–43 US sugar beet area, yield, and production, 37 Food Use for Social Innovation by Optimizing Waste Prevention Strategies (EU FUSIONS), 276 Food variety score (FVS), 245 Foodborne disease, 176 Fresh tomatoes, 180 estimated market prices, 181–182 estimated profits changes, 182–187 Fresh-produce sectors, 179 Fruit worm (Helicoverpa armigera), 111–113 Fruits, 21, 22–23, 25, 30, 56, 253, 285 actual intake, 27 anthracnose, 115 consumption, 23 vegetable-fruit, 22 FSA. See Farm Service Agency (FSA) FSMA. See Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA) Fungal diseases, 110–111 pathogens, 115 FVS. See Food variety score (FVS) Gamma distribution function, 4, 5 GAO. See United States General Accountability Office (GAO) Garden pea (Pisum), 106 GDP. See Gross domestic product (GDP) Genetic resistance and grafting technologies, 113 Genetically engineered plant (GE plant), 54 Genetically modified crop (GM crop), 36, 194–195 corn, 196 crops, 201 interface between GM crop adoption and demand, 46–48 regulatory, 197 sugar beets, 36, 39–40 Genetically modified organism (GMO), 54 analytical approach, 55 ban, 55 crop yields, 56 estimating negative productivity shocks, 57 global study results, 61–64 US study results, 57–61 See also Biotechnology, food security through GHG emissions. See Greenhouse gas emissions (GHG emissions) GIEWS. See Global Information and Early Warning System (GIEWS) Global agricultural markets, 194 Global economy, 3 Global food crisis, 259–260, 262–264 Global Food Security Act (2016), 135 Global Information and Early Warning System (GIEWS), 213 Global population, 193 Global seafood production, 168 Global study results, 61 emissions from land-use change, 64 impacts on US crop prices and supplies, 62 welfare impacts by region, 63 Global Trade Analysis Project model (GTAP model), 3 Global vegetable production, 106–109 Glycine. See Soybean (Glycine) GM crop. See Genetically modified crop (GM crop) GMO. See Genetically modified organism (GMO) Governments, 6, 79, 260, 284, 285 Grain(s) group, 25–26 production, 208 Green peach aphid (Myzus persicae), 111 Green Revolution, 2, 135 Greenhouse gas emissions (GHG emissions), 54, 57–58, 70, 109 Gross domestic product (GDP), 3, 7, 242, 266 GTAP model. See Global Trade Analysis Project model (GTAP model) GTAP-BIO analysis, 55 Harmonization, 199, 201–202 Harvesting LCP, See dietary score 109 crops, 109 See Fruit worm (Helicoverpa 152 See See food 20 of 276 sugarcane See of crops, 105 Agricultural 137 137 dietary score 248–249, food 245 245 FLW at household level, 285 See Research for the See for Agricultural IFSA model. See Food Security Assessment model model) See See for Analysis of Agricultural and Trade elasticities, 6, 30, 53, 72, 108, 163, 195, 276 land-use change, 60, 61 trade 147 pests, 111 fungal diseases, 110–111 insect pests, 111–112 and to climate change, 109 sustainable disease and insect pest management approaches, 112–116 of Economics of variable 247 pest management 112, 147 114 on Climate 70, 95 Research for the 248 Food Security Assessment model model), 209 for Agricultural 214 30 and 135 for Analysis of Agricultural and Trade Plant Protection 202–203 Research 135 Service for of 36 trade, 78–79 Union for Conservation of 283 208 pest 112 policy, See on Climate See pest management See Plant Protection See Research See Service for of See Union for Conservation of See variable See land-augmenting technical change, 7, 8 prices, 9 productivity, 3, use, 3, 54, 60, 134 changes, 60, 86 64 LCP, 89 111 111, 114 See ratio systems, 77–78 on Agriculture 264–265 Logit analysis, 229–231 sustainable agricultural production, 2 192 Louisiana, sugarcane industry in, disease, and adoption and increase in farm size, 152 and 152–153 sugarcane prices, production costs, See also Florida, sugarcane industry in See on Agriculture See See MAGNET model. See model model) See of Agricultural and on the production, 261, 267 20, 104 Malthusian Trap, 192–193 systems, 163, See Cassava leaves (Manihot 282 economy, 37–38 estimated market prices of fresh tomatoes under FSMA, 181–182 food changes, 181 4 US sugar, 38 See 251 See Environmental 21, 22–23, 27 adoption, 152 , 114 Melon fly (Bactrocera 111 20 6, 17, of 5 program. See program program) 21, 22–23, 133, 133 production, 28 program program), 133 of Agricultural and on the 2 market 192 model model), 3, 6, 17 115 137 20 20 Environmental 200 trading system, 193–194 CGE model, 3 (Vigna 106 See Green peach aphid (Myzus of Economic Research model model), 183 Centers for Environmental Information Climate Assessment 90, and Administration 70, 87, 28 model. See of Economic Research model model) See Climate Assessment See diseases See Centers for Environmental Information 247 Neem (Azadirachta 114 199, 200 3 of dietary and food security of nutrition, 20 dietary in United States, dietary beyond United States, 30 Dietary of and future of, 29 See See See and Administration 196 diseases 104 economy, 242–243 in, approaches, 245 flooding, 277–278 104 See Union See Office of and See for Economic and 252 Office of and 21 See World Organization for Animal Health 262 , 114 for Economic and 79, 276 Oriental fruit fly (Bactrocera 114 Union 222 223 37–38 elasticities, 192 approaches, 245 147 of 114 147 Paris climate agreement impact for Florida agriculture, 99 equilibrium 2 See equilibrium food 252 248–249, See Common bean 26 See Blight pathogen (Phytophthora See See Garden pea See loss coverage See Diamondback moth (Plutella activities, 282–283 282 276 to FLW in value chain, 283–286 See 70, 72, 109 147 trade agreements, 194, impact of increasing beet-sugar yields, 43–44 for programs, equation, 213 loss coverage 127 211 R&D, 152–153 of of 37–38 score 251 score 246 21 See score See bean agricultural R&D, 4 in 6 R&D sector, 3, 4, 135, 153 research, 4 agricultural R&D, 135 3 Quality in food demand, 209–210 scaling, 214 of FLW, methods for, 280–281 See Research and 110, 208 , 116 Dietary 21 sugar-beet acreage and constant beet-sugar demand, 40 and decreased beet-sugar demand, 42–43 and 88 trade agreements, assessment of, 196–200 2 126, 136 Research and 2, 79, 193 with and trade, in international trade, 152–153 135 R&D-driven technical change, incorporation of, 4–5 Research programs, 152 cropping systems, 106 113 of the World 180 level, FLW level, FLW 284–285 Revenue changes, programs, See 261, 267 See and Agency 129 See of the World economy, households, 243, See Social See Advisory System See Goals 90, 94 160 in animal food system, 164 annual growth rates for animal-production categories, 165 environmental issues, 168–169 seafood trade, 166–167 seafood production, 161–164 See Climate trends in Florida’s climate, 91–94 283 3 5 111, 113 production, 169 See farms, 178–179, 243 See Nutrition Program Social impact of FLW, 277–278, 279 Social 4 variables, 251 114 , 116 See 192 Climate 87–88 Soybean 106 price, See Army worm (Spodoptera market 229 See See food-security dimension, 2, 38 30 Advisory System 88–89 7, 9 growth of food prices in regions, 10 Sugar beets, 40, acreage, 39 fixed sugar-beet acreage and constant beet-sugar demand, 40–42 fixed sugar-beet acreage and reduced beet-sugar demand, 43 reduced sugar-beet acreage and constant beet-sugar demand, 40 reduced sugar-beet acreage and decreased beet-sugar demand, 42–43 Act 40 Disease 152 yields and production Florida and results, sugar beets, sugarcane industry in Florida, sugarcane industry in Louisiana, theoretical framework, Nutrition Program chain, 284 106, 152, 279–280 Goals 104 104 disease and insect pest management approaches, 112–116 food system, 277–278 See Act and of domestic food markets, 260–261 260 global food crisis, 262–264 264–265 of Statistics 264–265 38 adoption, advances, 149–150 animal protein, 165 211 111 See of Statistics farms, 180 domestic demand 42–43 market demand, 211 See Trade assessment of three 196–200 limits of trade agreements, 200–203 seafood, 166–167 37–38 194 crops, 147 194 Trade and 194 systems, 114 See See Trade and 2 104 and of, and of in average 265 oil prices, 270–271 food 266 food and prices and food-basket costs, 266 food costs, food prices, 268 sugar prices, 270–271 and production, 267 and prices, 270 See United Nations Program 276–277 United Nations on Climate 99 United States, 4, 36, 199 of 21 study results, 57–61 sugar 38 sugar policy, Trade 202–203 United States Agency for 137 United States Department of Agriculture 21, 36, 40, 54, 86, 265 Dietary Guidelines, of and United States Department of Economic Research Service (USDA/ERS), 180 United States Department of Agricultural Service 180, United States Department of Research Service United States Department of Health 23 United States Department of Health and 27 United States Environmental Protection Agency 54, 136 147 United States Food and Drug Administration 54, 177, United States General Accountability Office 137, 279 U.S. Agricultural 129 agricultural-insurance and programs, 129–130 policy, 134–135 price and programs, agricultural R&D, 135 136 U.S. programs, U.S. dairy policy program, 133 U.S. programs, 130 U.S. programs, 126, US Global Research Program U.S. U.S. rural households, 129 See United States Agency for See United States Department of Agriculture See United States Department of Research Service See Economic Research Service of the United States Department of Agriculture United States Department of Economic Research Service See United States Department of Agricultural Service See Agricultural Statistics Service Agricultural Statistics Service 180–181 See United States Department of Health See United States Department of Health and See US Global Research Program food-security dimensions, 2, 38 chain, policies to FLW in, 283 FLW at farm level, 283–284 FLW at household level, 285 FLW at level, FLW at level, 284–285 FLW at level, 284 152 See in 21, diseases and to climate change, 109 fungal diseases, 110–111 insect pests, 111–112 sustainable disease and insect pest management approaches, 112–116 production climate change, 105 global vegetable production, 106–109 of systems, vegetable diseases and insect pests to climate change, 109 See Azuki beans (Vigna See Black gram (Vigna See (Vigna See Cowpea (Vigna See bean (Vigna in 248 112 land Waste and Food 276 global impacts by region, 63 results, US, 61 192 See World Food Program Whitefly (Bemisia 111 level, FLW 284 vegetable species, 106 bean 106 See World Organization World Economic 276 World Food Program 70, 243 World Health 30, 104 World Organization World Organization for Animal Health 202–203 World price World Trade Organization 78, World Trade Organization Agreement on the of and 193–194 World 115 See World Trade Organization See World Trade Organization Agreement on the of and bean (Vigna 106 2 shocks, the of Agricultural R&D on of Food Security of Dietary and Food Security Food Security through of Genetically Sugar in the United States Climate and Food and Climate and Food Florida’s Agriculture in the and Climate U.S. Agricultural on Domestic and Food Security and Florida and in the of Food Food Security and the Food Safety Modernization Act Agricultural and Food and to Trade in GM Food Security in Security for in Jimma Zone Food Security in of Food the Food of Food and Waste Economic and

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