Geomechanical Factors Affecting Geological Storage of CO2 in Depleted Oil and Gas Reservoirs
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Abstract A key to the success of long-term storage of CO2 in depleted oil or gas reservoirs is the hydraulic integrity of both the geological formations that bound it, and the wellbores that penetrate it. The integrity of this " bounding seal" system is affected by various mechanical, chemical and thermal forces that act during initial exploration, development and oil production operations, during CO2 injection operations, and during the subsequent CO2 storage phase. This paper provides a review of the geomechanical factors affecting the hydraulic integrity of the bounding seals for a depleted oil or gas reservoir slated for use as a CO2 injection zone. Equations are given which are helpful for identifying the key parameters that govern these geomechanical factors, and further enable firstorder estimates of the risks that they pose to bounding seal integrity. The results of this review are compiled into a table that summarizes key geomechanics-related risks, the mechanisms associated with these risks, and approaches to assess and mitigate them. Where possible, examples are given where these mechanisms have affected oil and gas field operations. Introduction In order to achieve significant reductions in the atmospheric release of anthropogenic greenhouse gases, the implementation of technologies to capture carbon dioxide (CO2) and store it in geological formations will be necessary. Deep saline aquifers have the largest potential for CO2 sequestration in geological media in terms of volume, duration and minimum or null environmental impact1. The first commercial scheme for CO2 sequestration in an aquifer is already in place in the Norwegian sector of the North Sea, where 106 tonnes of CO2 are extracted annually from the Sleipner Gas Field and injected into the 250 m thick Utsira aquifer at a depth of 1000 m below the sea bed2. In light of the economic benefits of enhanced oil recovery (EOR) derived from CO2 injection in oil reservoirs3, these types of reservoirs will be attractive CO2 injection targets and, most likely, CO2 storage in depleted oil and gas reservoirs (or in conjunction with EOR) will be implemented before CO2 storage in aquifers. An advantage of CO2 storage in depleted oil or gas fields is the fact that much of the infrastructure for fluid injection (e.g., wellbores, compressors, pipelines) is already in place. The Weyburn CO2 Monitoring and Storage Project in Saskatchewan, Canada4 is an example of a large-scale application of EOR operations using anthropogenic CO2, in which the oil reservoir is being evaluated for subsequent use as a long-term storage zone. A key to the success of long-term storage in depleted oil and gas reservoirs is the hydraulic integrity of both the geological formations that bound it, and the wellbores that penetrate it. The initial integrity of this " bounding seal" system is governed by geological factors. A considerable amount of effort has been devoted to the development of procedures for assessing fault seal capacity in potential hydrocarbon reservoirs (e.g., reference 5). The emphasis of this paper is not on the initial fault seal properties, which are assumed to have been good for reservoirs that have proven to be effective oil or gas producers.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».