Lung Cancer and Indoor Air Pollution Arising from Chinese-Style Cooking among Nonsmoking Women Living in Shanghai, China
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Two of the Authors Reply: We appreciate the comments by Thomson and her colleagues regarding our paper. 1 We find it rather ironic that the quality of the data is being questioned because there were few missing data points. Not only were the data fairly complete, but about 90% of eligible subjects participated in the study. The large differences in response between our study and those conducted in western countries, which underlies the question of reliability by Thomson et al, arise mainly from cultural differences between China and the west, including an almost universal compliance to requests to participate in studies, lack of residential and occupational mobility, long-term consistency of dietary habits, and relative constancy in time of occupational and environmental exposures. Although the interview was lengthy (averaging 50 minutes to complete), it was no longer than is usual in case-control studies evaluating environmental exposures. These high rates of response demonstrate that the data are reliable, and may be more accurate than the data from many western studies. It is possible that cooking chilies or onions may irritate the eyes and the throat and that other foods or ingredients may release carcinogens into the air. These types of exposures may contribute to the observed increased relative risks, but several factors suggest that the heated cooking oils may be the main culprit: the variable measuring eye or throat irritation was based on questions that were independent of the food cooked; higher relative risks were found for rapeseed oil than for other oils; and heated cooking oils have been found to be mutagenic in short-term assays. In our study population, the distribution of the number of times subjects’ used stir-frying was skewed, with 92% of subjects stir-frying seven times per week. This high frequency is due to the cultural milieu of Shanghai, in which it is the norm that at least one daily meal is prepared using the stir-frying technique. Thus, it is unlikely that the association between the risk of lung cancer and stir-frying was due to the use of the chosen cutpoints (<7, = 7, >7 times per week). The low frequency of stir-frying more than 7 times per week led to the very wide confidence intervals in the odds ratios, so this particular association needs to be interpreted cautiously. We note, however, that this association has been reported in other studies of Chinese populations. 2–4 Mark S. Goldberg Lijie Zhong
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Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».