Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Bone cutting in surgery is currently done using un-intelligent tools that depend on the proficiency of the surgeon to prevent damage to underlying critical structures. As one can imagine, damage isn’t always prevented. Iatrogenic damage to dura and sub-dural neural structures during osteotomical procedures such as a craniotomy can result in increased patient morbidity. This dissertation proposes the development of a robot-guided laser osteotome (bone cutter) with the use of inline optical coherence tomography (OCT) to precisely control the cutting depth in real-time. The all-fiber system design integrates a high peak-power pulsed Yb-doped fiber laser (1064nm) coupled directly into the sample arm of a swept-source OCT system (λc = 1310nm) with a fourth-order power disparity between the OCT system and fiber laser. Sub-millimeter accuracy was achieved in percussion drilling of phantom and porcine bone. Through the use of optical topographic imaging (OTI), this work presents a novel method for the surgeon to identify arbitrary trajectories for desired cuts. A surgical pencil is used to demarcate cutting trajectories for the robot to follow directly onto the boney surface. OTI imaging combined with a novel algorithm developed through this work allows the penscribed line to be isolated and translated into spatial attitude information for the robot to guide the end effector-mounted laser along. Sub-millimeter trajectory following accuracy was achieved. This work also demonstrates the first use of OCT in continuous, real-time refocusing of the optical end-effector in order to maintain cut quality. The focus of the laser was able to be maintained within the Rayleigh length of the focused Gaussian beam for linear feed rates up to 1mm/s at a 45◦ surface incline. Finally, optimization of bone ablation is explored in this dissertation. The use of graphite as a high-absorption topical chromophore and the use of nitrogen as an assist gas in the form of a coaxial jet are both analyzed to determine how to achieve the highest etch rate in bone. The results in this dissertation show that the topical application of graphite was able to significantly reduce the mean and variance of etching performance; an improvement by at least two orders of magnitude in the time to 0.5mm etch depth is demonstrated. It is also demonstrated that etch rate during ablation can be optimized for coaxial nitrogen flow (30SCFH out of a nozzle with 3mm output diameter); higher and lower flow rates showed slower etch rates. It is hypothesized that a system such as the one developed in this dissertation will increase the precision of bone cutting, decrease the amount of time needed to make cuts into sensitive structures and also address certain issues of unsuccessful uptake of lasers in modern medicine.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,002 | 0,001 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,005 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».