Alberta clubroot management plan /

Clubroot Disease Overv iew^^H HUmm^^fWhat is it?Clubroot is a serious soil-borne disease ofeanola, mustard and other crops in the cabbage family.Cole crop vegetables, for example, broccoli, Brussels sprouts, cabbage, caul i flower, Chine.secabbage, kale, kohlrabi, radish, rutabaga and turnip, are susceptible to clubroot, as are many cruciferous weeds, for example, wild mustard, stink weed and shepherd's purse. What does it look like?As the name of this disease suggests, roots of infected plants may have a club-like appearance; howe\ er.overall symptoms will vary depending on the growth stage of the crop when it becomes infected.Infection at the seedling stage can result in wilting, stunting and yellowing symptoms by the late rosette to early podding stage, while premature ripening or death can be observed in canola or mustard plants nearing maturity.Plants infected at later growth stages may not show wilting, stunting or yellowing, but may still ripen prematurely, and seeds may shrivel, thus reducing yield and quality (oil content).Can other diseases or disorders be confused with clubroot?Above ground symptoms of clubroot may be confused with drought, nutrient dcricicncics or other diseases, so suspect plants should be carefully dug from the soil to cheek for typical clubroot galls on the roots.Swellings of unknown origin called hybridization nodules are occasionally seen on canola roots and can be confused with young clubroot galls.These nodules are more spherical and firmer than clubroot galls and do not decay when mature as clubroot galls do.Exposure to phenoxy herbicides can also result in swellings on lower stems and roots of canola, mustard and cole crop vegetable plants, but these malfonnations usually lack the large size and lobed appearance of typical clubroot galls.What causes it?Clubroot is caused by a microscopic, soil-borne plant pathogen called Plasniociiophora hrussicae.The clubroot pathogen is classified as a Protist, a group of organisms with characteristics of plants, fungi and protozoans.The life cycle of the clubroot pathogen is illustrated in the Alberta Agriculture and Rural Development factsheet Clubroot Disease of Canola and Mustard, Agdex 140^638-1, available online at: http://www.agric.gov.ab.ca/app2 1 /infopage Where was it first found in Alberta?Clubroot was first reported on broccoli, cabbage and cauliflower in a few home gardens in the Edmonton area in the mid 1970s.The first economically important infestation in Alberta was obser\ ed on Chinese cabbage in a market garden near Edmonton in 2001.Clubroot was first detected in canola in Alberta in Sturgeon County northwest of Edmonton in 2003.Where did it come from?The original source of the clubroot infestation in Alberta is unknown, but it may have been accidentally introduced by early settlers who may have brought infected vegetables w ith them from other areas of Canada or the US where clubroot w^as already established.

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