Plasticity in selection strategies of woodland caribou ( Rangifer tarandus caribou) during winter and calving.
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Woodland caribou may be an important indicator' or focal species for management agencies because they require large areas to persist and are sensitive to both direct and indirect forms of disturbance. Prior to industrial development in northern regions, it is important to acquire baseline information on areas that are important to local 'herds' as well as to identify physiological and ecological mechanisms of resource selection. I used global positioning system (GPS) data from caribou {Rangifer tarandus caribou), wolves {Canis lupus), and grizzly bears {Ursus arctos), and satellite imagery, resource selection functions, and cause-specific mortality data from 50 caribou neonates to define calving and wintering areas of woodland caribou in northern British Columbia. I identified scale-dependant mechanisms of selection relative to predation risk (calving, summer, winter, and late winter) and forage availability (calving and summer), and energetic costs of movement (winter and late winter) at 2 spatial scales, and quantified the variation in responses to these mechanisms among individual caribou. In all seasons, caribou selected habitats in a hierarchical fashion, and exhibited high variation among individuals. Three unique calving areas, or calving strategies, were defined for the Greater Besa Prophet area; each calving area had different attributes of risk and forage. During calving, spatial separation from areas of high wolf risk was important to parturient females as was access to areas of high vegetative change (i.e., forage quality); animals made trade-off decisions between minimizing the risk of predation and securing forage to address the high nutritional demands of lactation. Calf survival through the first 2 months of life ranged from 54% in 2002 to 79% in 2003. A total of 19 of 50 neonates died during the summers, of which 17 were by predation: wolverines (age of calves <14 d) and wolves (age of calves >18 d) each killed 5 calves. Movements away from calving sites (>1 km) peaked during the third week of life and increased the odds of a neonate surviving by 196%. These movements coincided with a change in vegetative phenology and the high energetic demands of lactation. During winter and late winter, minimizing the energetic costs of movement was the most important parameter in the selection of resources at a smaller spatial scale defined by seasonal movement, whereas Individual caribou showed increased sensitivity to the components of risk at a larger scale of the home range. Variation in the selection of resources by individuals was high, but some similarities facilitated using pooled use/availability data to model resource selection. These pooled models, however, collapsed important biological variation in the selection of resources, limiting biological interpretation of selection models. Variation in the selection of resources among individuals (i.e., plasticity) during all times of the year may be an important life-history strategy for woodland caribou to decrease their predictability on the landscape to major predators. Identifying and maintaining this variation within selection strategies is an important step towards determining the ability of caribou populations to persist in the presence of environmental and anthropogenic disturbance.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».