Prevalence and associated factors of khat chewing among pregnant women: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Abstract Background Khat (Catha edulis) is a stimulant plant, broadly cultivated and consumed in the Horn of Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. It contains Cathinone, which is an amphetamines-like chemical and causes various adverse outcomes for pregnant women and babies when it is consumed during pregnancy. Decisive estimates of the prevalence of khat chewing and related risk factors which may increase this practice have not been determined. Aim To determine the pooled prevalence and associated factors of khat chewing among pregnant women in the Horn Africa and the Arabian Peninsula countries with a view to informing targeted interventions for the region. Method The study protocol was prepared and registered on PROSPERO, ID CRD42021190837. A database search including Gray literature and Google scholar was explored to identify 667 studies. Finally, 14 studies were considered relevant for meta-analysis, after removing 259 duplicates, 388 unrelated topics and 6 studies with full text examination. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale quality assessment tool was used to assess the quality of the studies. The pooled prevalence was determined by using the random-effect model and the p- values of ≤ 0.05 were considered stastically significant to examine associations. Statistical heterogeneity amongst the studies was assessed by Cochrane chi-square and the I 2 statistical test. Main Findings From the meta-analysis of 14 studies with 15,343 study participants, the pooled prevalence of khat chewing among pregnant women was 21.42%, 95% CI (14.49 - 29.29); (I 2 =99.05% (p<0.0001). The results of the meta-analysis demonstrated that pregnant women who had a khat chewing partner [OR 6.50 (95% CI 5.01, 8.43)]; low educational status [OR 2.53 (95% CI 2.24 - 2.85)], lived in rural area [OR 1.69 (95% CI 1.52 – 1.88)] or had a low level of income [OR 1.70 (95% CI 1.55 – 1.87)] were significantly more likely to chew khat during pregnancy. Conclusion The prevalence of khat chewing amongst pregnant women in the Horn of Africa and the Arabian Peninsula has never been measured before and was found to be high. Partners khat chewing status, maternal low educational and economic status were the main factors associated with the problem. Designing intervention strategies to specifically target these risk factors and reduce the burden of the problem for women and their babies is urgently needed.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,005 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,011 | 0,002 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,002 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,007 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».