Spectrum of Different Heart Disease among Children Under 5 Years of Age
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Background and Aim: It is a well-known finding that cardiac diseases in the pediatric population contribute majorly to morbidity and mortality around the globe and is supported by extensive clinical research. A generalized burden of the disease in Pakistan is as high as above 40,000 congenital cardiac defects being reported among newborn babies. It has been documented those congenital cardiac disorders are among the top three causes of neonatal mortality around the world. This study is focused on studying different types of cardiac problems acknowledged among children who are younger than five years and studying the prevalence and burden of disease and assessing the frequency with which they occur in the Pakistani population. Methodology: The conducted study was cross sectional with descriptive approach. The time duration of the study was of ten months which started in February 2021 and concluded in November 2021. The study was carried out at pediatrics department of Ittefaq Hospital and Jinnah Hospital, Lahore Pakistan, after taking ethical approval from the respective departments. The sample size of the study was expected to be around 200 participants. All the recruited participants must meet the age limitations who were under 5 years old. The incidence of heart disease was assumed to be 5%. The recruited participants must show signs and symptoms which suggest the incidence of cardiac problems. Participants with pre-existing heart diseases were eliminated from the study. The participants underwent clinical and lab testing before start of the study Result: The prevalence of 89% (n= 178) of participants was diagnosed with congenital heart disease whereas 11% (n= 22) of participants were detected to have acquired heart diseases. Among diagnosed participants with congenital heart disease, females were found to be 1.2 times more likely to be affected. Among the patients diagnosed with congenital heart diseases, the most common finding was that of ventricular septal defect with a prevalence of 29.5% followed by an atrial septal defect with a prevalence of 26% and in acquired heart disease myocarditis accounted for 91% of the diagnosis. Conclusion: The present study concluded that the prevalence of cardiac condition among children under 5 years is highly prevalent. Among cardiac condition of pediatric patient congenital heart diseases remain highly incidental with ventricular septal defect being the most common congenital condition. Among acquired cardiac condition, myocarditis was the most frequent finding. Keywords: Congenital heart disease, Ventricular septal defect, Children
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,005 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».