Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Language nests are one of the most crucial methods of language revitalization. The conservation and reclamation of endangered and/or oppressed languages is a critical scientific and ethical endeavor. Intergenerational transmission is the most significant factor in determining the endangerment (or conversely, the vitality) of a language, and language nests are the method of revitalization that most directly addresses the challenge of creating a new generation of first language speakers, or language users in the case of sign languages. Language nests bring together the methods and theories of both language revitalization and child language acquisition. In 1998 the United Nations passed the Universal Declaration of Linguistic Rights, stating that people have a right to use their language both in public and in private and to preserve their culture and language. The first recorded early childhood language immersion programs of non-endangered languages were French immersion classes for young children in Quebec, Canada, in the 1960s. Sāmoan language nests in New Zealand were later developed for Sāmoan heritage speaking children in New Zealand. This method was then adopted by Māori speakers to revitalize the Māori language. Unlike Sāmoan heritage speakers in New Zealand, the Māori were not diaspora in the traditional sense of having left their homeland. However, as a result of language encroachment, many Indigenous people have become linguistic diaspora within their own homeland, in the sense that their language has become displaced from many of its prior domains of use. Indigenous people who do not speak their ancestral language and whose languages are severely endangered have explained that a challenge they face is that there are no locations learners of an endangered language can travel to where they can be completely immersed in the target language in a place where everyone speaks it fluently, where it is used in every domain. This is unique from other language situations, and unlike learners of more widely spoken languages like Spanish, Russian, Mandarin, or Arabic, who can participate in an immersive study abroad experience after taking classes. The language nest seeks to create a reservoir of an immersive experience, which has historically fed into the development of immersion schools, universities, and even graduate programs. Those who graduate from the immersive education, especially higher education, often deliberately and consciously introduce or re-introduce the language to ever increasing domains. The accelerated rate of language loss in the current and recent century requires these new approaches to language maintenance and language reclamation.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,002 | 0,008 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,004 | 0,002 |
| Communication savante | 0,006 | 0,007 |
| Science ouverte | 0,002 | 0,007 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,003 | 0,003 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,343 | 0,228 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; l’étiquette directe de Gemma et le classifieur distillé Codex s’accordent sur ce qui est montré ici.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».