Subsurface Drainage for Minimizing the Risk of Subsoil Compaction in Seasonally-Frozen Soils
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Highlights Subsoil is highly susceptible to compaction based on texture and packing density. Imperfect natural drainage increases the risk of subsoil vulnerability to compaction. Irrespective of drain spacing, the risk for subsoil compaction was high. The upper soil layer protects the subsoil from compaction at drain spacing = 12 m in this soil. Abstract. Subsoil compaction negatively impacts soil hydrological processes and promotes anaerobic conditions, reducing soil productivity and enhancing greenhouse gas emissions from the soil. Additionally, it is challenging and expensive to alleviate subsoil compaction once it occurs. The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of subsurface drainage in minimizing the risk of subsoil compaction under different weather patterns in Southern Manitoba. The assessment of the risk of subsoil compaction was done in two stages. That is, 1) determination of the subsoil’s intrinsic susceptibility to compaction based on soil texture and packing density and 2) determination of the wetness condition of the subsoil and ability of the strength of the upper layer of the soil to protect the subsoil. A long-term simulation of soil water content data (i.e., 2000 to 2015) under different drainage spacings (i.e., 8, 10, 12, 15, 25, and 30 m) maintained at 0.9-m depth was obtained to determine the soil wetness condition using a validated HYDRUS 2D/3D model. The study showed that the subsoil’s intrinsic susceptibility level to compaction at the study site was high, implying that the subsoil had a very weak natural potential to resist compaction. Throughout the 16 years considered, the subsoil wetness condition was either “moist” or “wet” irrespective of drain spacing, making the subsoil very vulnerable to compaction. However, for drain spacing = 12 m, the subsoil was found to be protected for most of the spring operation period with minimum impact on the spring operation days based on the criterion that the soil water content in the upper layer should be equal to or less than 90% of the lower plastic limit. In contrast, drain spacing wider than 12 m resulted in a lack of protection of the subsoil for 21 to 50 d. The intrinsic susceptibility of the subsoil to compaction, the “imperfect” internal natural drainage, and excess soil water during the early growing season suggest it is critical to consider the benefits of installing subsurface drains at narrower spacing (= 12 m) because of the ability to improve the soil wetness condition for field operations and prevent short and long-term impacts due to subsoil compaction. Keywords: Bulk density, HYDRUS (2D/3D), Lower plastic limit, Sandy loam, Soil water content.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».