Effects of Reinforcement Type on the Structure and Properties of Perfluorosulphonic Acid Membranes for Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Fuel cell membrane durability remains one of the key challenges limiting the wide scale adoption of fuel cell technology. Membrane degradation in polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells limits the operational lifetime of the fuel cell and prevents the industrial targets from being met. A common approach to increasing the lifetime of membranes includes the addition of a reinforcement layer to increase the mechanical durability of the membrane while not adversely affecting the performance [1,2]. Although reinforced membranes are widely used in industry, there is a literature gap considering membrane structure and properties in relation to durability. This work contributes to characterizing the effects of reinforcement type on the membrane properties. In this study a selection of perfluorosulphonic acid (PFSA) ionomer membranes with expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) reinforcements were tested, these include two novel DMR100 membranes with different reinforcements and Nafion XL compared to a conventional, non-reinforced Nafion NRE-211 for reference. All of these membranes contain common PFSA ionomer and differ primarily in the type of reinforcement layer and membrane thickness. The study addresses comparison between the membrane chemical composition, water uptake, crystallinity, and mechanical strength. Methods of ex situ characterization include solid state nuclear magnetic resonance (SS_NMR), small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), wide angle X-ray scattering (WAXS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). Membrane chemical structure and properties are measured by SS-NMR and FTIR, whereas the water uptake, domain spacing, and crystallinity are assessed by SAXS/WAXS study of hydrated and dry membranes [3-5]. Tensile mechanical properties are measured under room temperature (23°C, 50% RH) and fuel cell conditions (80°C, 90% RH) by DMA [6]. Overall, this paper contributes both qualitative and quantitative understanding of the key structural properties of membranes with different reinforcement resulting in novel knowledge about membranes that can be leveraged for improved fuel cell durability. References: [1] Y. Xing, H. Li, G. Avgouropoulos, “Research Progress of Proton Exchange Membrane Failure and Mitigation Strategies,” Materials, vol. 14, no. 2591, pp. 1-17, May 2021, doi:10.3390/ma14102591. [2] Y. Tang, A. Kusoglu, A.M. Karlsson, “Mechanical Properties of a Reinforced Composite Polymer Electrolyte Membrane and its Simulated Performance in PEM Fuel Cells,” Journal of Power Sources, vol. 175, no. 2, pp. 817-825, Oct 2008, doi: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2007.09.093. [3] M. Robert, A. El Kaddouri, J. Perrin, S. Leclerc, O. Lottin, “Towards a NMR-Based Method for Characterizing the Degradation of Nafion XL Membranes for PEMFC,” Journal of the Electrochemical Society, vol. 165, no. 6, pp. F3209-F3216, March 2018, doi:10.1149/2.0231806jes. [4] M. Fujimura, T. Hashimoto, H. Kawai, “Small-Angle X-ray Scattering Study of Perfluorinated Ionomer Membranes: Origin of Two Scattering Maxima,” Macromolecules, vol. 14, pp. 1309-1315, April 1981. [5] J. Li, M. Pan, H. Tang, “Understanding short-side-chain perfluorinated sulfonic acid and its application for high temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells,” RSC Advances, vol. 4, pp. 3944-3965, 2014, doi: 10.1039/c3ra43735c. [6] S. Bhattacharya, J. Leung, M.V. Lauritzen, E. Kjeang, “Isolated chemical degradation induced decay of mechanical membrane properties in fuel cells,” Electrochimica Acta, vol. 352, no. 136489, pp. 1-16. May 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.136489. Acknowledgements: This project has been undertaken thanks to funding from Dongyue Group, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Canada Foundation for Innovation, British Columbia Knowledge Development Fund, Western Economic Diversification Canada, and the Canadian Research Chairs Program.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».