‘Never Sparing Himself in Any Way’: Guangzhou, 1857–1860
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
ATHOUGH BOWRING'S ACTIONS had been vindicated by the British electorate, the government nevertheless felt it had to do something about him. He was a menace – absolutely impervious to other points of view, comfortable with ignoring orders when they did not suit him, and convinced of the malice of anyone who disagreed with him. Rather than reflect on what mistakes he might have made, he put the parliamentary vote down to the ‘extraordinary combination of ignorance and faction which made up a majority in the late hours of Commons’. At the same time, he could not be dismissed because to do so would mean admitting that Britain had been in the wrong. So a way was found of sidelining him: he was allowed to stay on as Governor of Hong Kong, but would be superseded in his role as effective Ambassador to China. He did not take it well, telling his son that the Commons ‘majority succeeded in displacing me – but they have not displaced my policy, though they have sent a man of higher rank to do my work and have deprived me of the honors and reputation which the success of my policy would have brought with it’. The job of clearing up the mess in China was given to Lord Elgin, who was not enthusiastic about it, considering the whole conflict to have been a ‘wretched’ blunder. When he told his wife that he had been asked ‘to settle the important and difficult question now embarrassing us in the East’, he asked her, ‘On what grounds can I decline?’ He could not find any, so he accepted. Many a nobleman in this position would not have needed a reason, but Elgin was dependent on government jobs for money. His father had been the Elgin who had acquired the Elgin marbles, an effort that turned out to be ruinously expensive for the family. The ￡6,000 plus expenses he was being offered would be very welcome indeed. The younger Elgin had done well in the two posts he had been given: Governor of Jamaica and Governor- General of Canada, both tricky jobs which he had managed successfully.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,004 | 0,002 |
| Communication savante | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,005 | 0,001 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».