Soil Acidity Indicators for Liming in Tropical Acid Soils Cropped With Soybean Under Short- and Long-Term No-Tillage Systems
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Although the movement of liming materials under no-tillage (NT) systems can intensify stratification of soil chemical properties and be deleterious to soybean growth, little is known regarding the soil acidity indicators used to predict lime requirement (LR) in Brazilian soils under NT. Thus, we hypothesize that the recommendation criteria used for predicting LR in soils under NT must be different from those adopted in soils under conventional tillage (CT), and the reference values for such liming indicators may vary according to the phase following the adoption of the NT system. The study aimed to obtain soil acidity indicators for soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merill) in tropical acid soils under no-tillage (NT) systems and their respective critical levels according to the phase of NT. Sites under NT were commercial soybean crop areas located in the Cerrado region, Brazil. Systems analyzed were NTI (NT management from 0 to 5 years—initial phase), and NTTC (NT management from 5 to 20 years—transition-consolidation phase). Soil samples were collected at the 0-5, 0-10, and 0-20 cm layers, and analyzed for chemical characteristics. Relationships between crop yield response of soybean to lime application and various soil acidity-related characteristics led to establishing soil acidiy indicators for liming in tropical acid soils under no tillage. Critical levels were approximately similar in both phases of NT for exchangeable Ca and Mg, and potential acidity, but varied greatly depending on the soil layer and phase of NT management for soil pHCaCl2, CECpH7.0, and base saturation. In general, for both phases of NT, the critical levels of soil acidity indicators were lowest for the 0-20 cm layer, moderate for the 0-10 cm layer, and highest for the 0-5 cm layer. Lime applied with incorporation in the NTTC phase kept the soil with chemical attributes more favorable for plant growth than when surface liming was employed in the NTI phase, which was verified by the soybean yield response. Our results indicate the differences on the soil acidity indexes between the top and bottom depths that would not have been realized in a soil sampling for conventional tillage. Hence, recommendation criteria for lime application considering distinct soil depths and NT systems will be helpful when making lime decisions. Further research should focus on the development of reliable methods for predicting LR according to the NT phase and consequently maximize soybean production under NT systems in Brazil.
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Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».