Epidemiological transition and the dual burden of communicable and noncommunicable diseases in Zimbabwe
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Background: The epidemiological transition model, coined by Abdel Omran in 1971, building on the demographic transition theory developed by Frank Notestein in 1945, has been largely credited for describing epidemiological situations both globally and nationally in many parts of the world. However, owing to its origins in the United States of America (USA), scholars critique the model's applicability to various geographical, socioeconomic, and epidemiological contexts, which are diversely different from the USA and vary from region to region. It was imperative to test the applicability of this model in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), particularly Zimbabwe to ascertain versatility in describing epidemiological transitions, predicting population health status and whether the assumption of a shift from communicable diseases (CDs) to noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) could be confirmed in a low-income developing nation focusing on Zimbabwe. Methods: The study was a retrospective document review case study, using the existing framework of the epidemiological transition model, as a guiding principle, applying the model to describe the demographic and epidemiological circumstances prevailing within Zimbabwe. The researcher reviewed, compared, analyzed, and described the existing literature on population dynamics and epidemiological profile of the country for the period 1990–2020. Results: The epidemiological transition model attempts to describe the changes in epidemiological circumstances both at national and global scales. The model presumes a shift in CDs to NCDs. However, many scholars question the applicability of the model to diverse contexts, particularly within the SSA context. The Zimbabwean case was considered in light to its rising population growth, dual burden characterized by a high burden of communicable and rising NCDs. Findings from this study indicate that NCDs are on the rise in Zimbabwe. However, owing to a high burden of CDs, a dual disease burden model is the best fit to explain the epidemiological transition currently obtaining within Zimbabwe. Conclusions: Consequentially, funding streams targeting CDs should take heed of the currently obtaining epidemiological situation in the country and respond by challenging funding to public health interventions with a view to address the rising NCDs. Further, public health authorities should craft Public health policies that create supporting environments conducive for the populace to fight NCDs. Informed by the Ottawa charter, reorientation of health services to ensure more health systems responsiveness in the face of emerging NCDs is imperative. In addition, developing interpersonal skills for individuals to be able to act against NCD's risk behaviors and factors is key; at the same time, strengthening community action by capacitating community health workers to address risk behaviors and factors associated with NCDs at community level is imperative. Finally, the inadequacy of the epidemiological transition model inadvertently challenges epidemiologists to step up efforts to review, refine, and extend the model to suit SSA countries like Zimbabwe and elsewhere countries in similar circumstances.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,002 | 0,004 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».