9 Charting the ‘new normal’ in Canadian community pharmacy practice: scoping review
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
<h3>Introduction</h3> To identify the Canada-wide changes in community pharmacy practice in response to the COVID-19 pandemic and to assess what is currently being practiced. What are the emerging practices and regulations that keep community pharmacies safe (customers and professionals) during the COVID-19 pandemic and what are the implications of these changes? <h3>Methods</h3> Review includes primary studies (i.e., experimental, quasi-experimental, observational, and qualitative study designs) and grey literature that broadly focused on policies, regulations, and recommendations developed for Canadian community pharmacies during the COVID-19 pandemic. Study abstracts and full texts were screened for eligibility by two reviewers, independently. Data extraction of relevant studies were also done independently by two reviewers. All discrepancies were addressed through further discussion or adjudicated by a third reviewer. Presentation of the extracted data focuses on descriptive frequencies and thematic analysis and the results are presented in diagrammatic or tabular form, with a narrative summary of the findings. <h3>Results</h3> Team members screened fifty-five citations and considered five to meet the inclusion criteria, with an additional 449 grey literature items. Pharmacists rely on regulatory and professional associations as their primary information source, yet corporate employers were found to offer better resources for communicating policies to pharmacists.<sup>1</sup> In the pan-Canadian context, Health Canada granted pharmacists new permissions for prescribing, including extending and renewing prescriptions<sup>2 3</sup> while simultaneously recommending that pharmacists should limit patient medication supplies.<sup>2 4</sup> Although COVID-19 updates were regularly being sent by regulatory bodies and national associations, pharmacists were either unaware of where to find or did not understand available information.<sup>1 2 4 5</sup> <h3>Discussion</h3> As Canada emerges from the COVID-19 pandemic, there is a ‘new normal’ for community pharmacy practice, or an expanded role in the overall healthcare system. This review adds to the understanding of how pharmacies faced challenges of incorporating rapidly evolving information into practice, while maintaining client care and worker safety. <h3>References</h3> Austin Z, Gregory P. Resilience in the time of pandemic: the experience of community pharmacists during COVID-19. <i>Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy</i> 2021;<b>17</b>(1):1867–75. Elbeddini A, Hooda N, Yang L. Role of Canadian pharmacists in managing drug shortage concerns amid the COVID-19 pandemic. <i>Canadian Pharmacists Journal/Revue des Pharmaciens du Canada</i> 2020;<b>153</b>(4):198–203. Merks P, Jakubowska M, Drelich E, Świeczkowski D, Bogusz J, Bilmin K, <i>et al</i>. The legal extension of the role of pharmacists in light of the COVID-19 global pandemic. <i>Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy</i> 2021;<b>17</b>(1):1807–12. Elbeddini A, Botross A, Gerochi R, Gazarin M, Elshahawi A. Pharmacy response to COVID-19: lessons learnt from Canada. <i>Journal of Pharmaceutical Policy and Practice</i> 2020;<b>13</b>(1):1–8. Gregory PAM, Austin Z. COVID-19: how did community pharmacies get through the first wave? <i>Canadian Pharmacists Journal/Revue des Pharmaciens du Canada</i> 2020;<b>153</b>(5):243–51.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,053 | 0,189 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,002 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,003 | 0,004 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,032 | 0,045 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,008 | 0,006 |
| Communication savante | 0,016 | 0,010 |
| Science ouverte | 0,005 | 0,006 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,004 | 0,004 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,011 | 0,001 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».