Nematode response to soil rehabilitation of a nickel mining area in Hinatuan Island, southern Philippines
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Ore mining activities, small and large-scale, have been an important contributor to the Philippine economy. However, mining is often linked to soil degradation, decline in soil fauna diversity and deterioration of human health. Soil restoration aims to bring back the 'pre-disturbed' soil conditions of an impacted area. It typically includes backfilling of soil materials, addition of organic amendments and beneficial fungi, and re-vegetation. In this study, we examined the response of soil nematodes of a rehabilitated mining area in Hinatuan Island, Surigao, southern Philippines by comparing the nematode communities and the physico-chemical properties of the soils of the two rehabilitated sites from a nearby unmined site and a mined-out site. Nematodes are crucial players in several soil processes [1], e.g., decomposition and nutrient cycling. Nematodes were collected in April 2019 and identified to the genus level using morphology-based identification techniques Basic soil characteristics (e.g., pH, OM, soil texture, N and P) and heavy metal concentrations (e.g., Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd) were determined. Results showed that the basic soil properties of the two rehabilitated sites (2012 rehabilitation and 2015 rehabilitation) resembled to that of the Reference site, while they differed to that of the Mined-out site. Moreover, the heavy metals Pb and Cd were significantly higher in the Reference site compared to the Mined-out site. While Cu level remained fairly similar in all study sites, other metals, such as Pb and Cd, remained comparable in both rehabilitated sites. Zn, on the other hand, was only significantly higher in the 2012 rehabilitation than in the Reference site, while statistically comparable to the rest. Except for Cd and Ni, all metal contents in the area were well within the permissible levels based on international guidelines. Nematode abundances were higher in 'older' rehabilitated site than the 'recent' one (abundance in 2012 rehabilitation > 2015 rehabilitation), albeit both were lower than the unmined site. Nematodes were, however, nonexistent in the mined-out site probably due to the removal of topsoil layer. Shannon index values were also higher in the rehabilitated sites than the unmined site. In terms of genus composition, the two rehabilitated sites shared did not differ in each other but both sites showed significant differences to the reference and mined-out areas. Several 'sensitive' genera such as predators and omnivores, were present in both rehabilitated sites, which can be indicative of improving soil conditions in rehabilitated mined sites. Since nematodes can exhibit substantial variations over short and long-term spatial scales, especially in limited number of samples, caution is needed in the interpretation of results of the study. Hence, a regular monitoring is highly recommended to further examine the response of nematodes and identify effective strategies in the rehabilitation of impacted areas in southern Philippines using nematodes as indicators of soil health improvement.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».