A Spatial Analysis Evaluation of DeltaGard®20EW Operational Efficacy in Winnipeg, Manitoba for Adult Mosquito Control
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Background: Mosquito abatement includes the management and surveillance of nuisance and potential vector mosquitoes. The major nuisance mosquito in Winnipeg, Manitoba is Ae. vexans, a floodwater mosquito. The City of Winnipeg Insect Control Branch uses surveillance, source elimination, larvicide, and adulticide in their mosquito abatement program. Adulticide application is the last resort when the other methods are not sufficient. This study tested DeltaGard®20EW adulticide efficacy operationally on wild mosquitoes in Winnipeg, Manitoba as a replacement for the previously used Malathion 95ULV® while considering the effect of landscape features. Methods: New Jersey Light and Centre for Disease Control mosquito trap data from July 2010 and July 2020 were used to statistically detect changes in adult mosquito activity before and after treatment with Malathion 95®ULV (2010) and DeltaGard®20EW (2020). Landscape features surrounding traps that were frequently mosquito hot spots and traps that were never hot spots were compared by applying spatial analysis tools. Kriging analysis was performed to estimate changes in mosquito activity citywide. Wing lengths were used as a proxy for adult mosquito body size to determine if body size is positively correlated with mosquito longevity. Results: No significant difference was detected when comparing post-spray mosquito trap counts in treated and untreated (experimental control) locations in July 2010 or July 2020. When daily changes in mosquito activity were analyzed in the treatment group, a significant decrease in mosquito activity was detected in the group treated with Malathion 95ULV® the day after treatment with the effect lasting for two days. No significant daily changes in mosquito activity were detected after DeltaGard®20EW application. There were no significant differences between mosquito activity hot spot locations and non-hot spot locations when tree density, proximity to rivers, proximity to parks/open spaces, or parks/opem spaces density were analyzed spatially. However, hot spots were found to have more trees in a 50m radius and to be closer to rivers. A significant positive correlation between longevity and adult mosquito body size (Ae. vexans) was detected. Conclusions: The lack of significance when comparing traps in areas treated with DeltaGard®20EW and untreated areas indicates that changes may be due to natural background fluctuations in mosquito activity and population. Significant daily decreases in mosquito activity in the treatment groups were detected the day following Malathion 95ULV® treatment. The lack of significance in the DeltaGard®20EW trials may be due to issues with modelling like a lack of untreated trap locations for comparison, a starting population that was too low to detect significant changes, a lack of specific knowledge about the cumulative egg bank and Ae. vexans biology, too few trap locations, traps being placed strategically instead of randomly, the challenge of measuring background mosquito activity and population dynamics, and a lack of meteorological and landscape data specific to trap locations. Measuring adulticide efficacy in wild mosquitoes and creating models to analyze changes in their activity is challenging. A significant positive correlation between longevity and adult mosquito body size was detected for Ae. vexans mosquitoes, although further research should track specific cohorts of mosquitoes over time.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».