Design and Development of a High Pressure-High Temperature Wellbore Simulator for Investigation of the Impact of Cyclic Stresses on the Integrity of Wellbore Sections with Cement/Casing Interfaces
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Abstract Understanding the mechanisms of leakage-pathway formation are crucial for proper assessment, remediation, and in the end, prevention of leaking wells due to severe modern-day well stresses such as multistage hydraulic fracturing operations. Aiming to improve the understanding of the drivers behind fluid leakage from wells subject to modern-day well stresses, an experimental study of the cement sheath integrity under downhole stress conditions was conducted using a custom-designed and fabricated physical wellbore simulator. The physical wellbore simulator was designed and constructed to be capable of measuring the permeability (up to nanodarcy level) of the cemented annulus between two casings under cyclic temperature and pressure conditions (up to 43 MPa and 120°C). Permeability (nitrogen) of the casing-cement-casing system was measured under i-) non-cyclic temperature and pressure; ii-) non-cyclic temperature and cyclic pressure; iii-) cyclic temperature and non-cyclic pressure conditions. Potential leakage pathways were visually inspected after each experiment. The rough shear bonding strength between the inner casing and the cement sheath was also measured. Three factors were identified as having the most significant impacts on the permeability of the cemented annulus between two casings: i). Cement and/or casing shrinkage/expansion caused by the temperature change, ii). Casing shrinkage/expansion caused by the inner casing pressure change and, iii). Test duration time (time after curing and before each permeability measurement). The final permeability of the cemented annulus was controlled by the combined effects of these three factors. Overall, cement was extremely resilient to stresses, and slight increases in permeability were only observed after subjecting the cement sheath to significant stress. Once the debonding occurred at the cement/casing interface due to the initial change in pressure and/or temperature, applying cyclic pressure load did not significantly alter the permeability of the cemented wellbore section. The shear bonding strengths were on the high side, and the final permeabilities were below or around the critical permeability of 0.1 mD (Ozyurtkan et al. 2013). Through the development of the physical wellbore simulator the factors affecting the integrity of the cement-casing interfaces under representative real-world wellbore conditions of variable temperature and pressure conditions have been investigated. The improved understanding of the factors contributing to leakage-pathway formation are now being used to implement more reliable barrier technologies for effective mitigation of fugitive emissions.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».